*(a) Outline three negative effects of computer use on the environment.* To answer this question, let's consider the environmental impacts associated with computer use. 1. *Electronic Waste (E-Waste):* Computers and their peripherals contain hazardous materials like lead, mercury, and cadmium. When they are disposed of improperly, these toxins can leak into the soil and water, causing environmental pollution. 2. *Energy Consumption:* Computers consume a significant amount of energy, both during their manufacture and operation. The production of computers requires energy-intensive processes, and their operation contributes to greenhouse gas emissions due to the electricity used, often generated from non-renewable sources. 3. *Resource Depletion:* The manufacturing of computers requires the extraction and processing of various raw materials, including metals and rare earth elements. This can lead to resource depletion and environmental degradation associated with mining activities. Therefore, the three negative effects are: Electronic Waste (E-Waste), Energy Consumption, and Resource Depletion. *(b) Outline four ways of reducing energy consumption when using computers.* To reduce energy consumption, consider the following strategies: 1. *Using Energy-Efficient Computers:* Opt for computers and devices that are designed to be energy-efficient, such as those with the ENERGY STAR rating. 2. *Turning Off Devices When Not in Use:* Shut down computers and peripherals when not in use to avoid standby power consumption. 3. *Adjusting Power Settings:* Lower the screen brightness, turn off unnecessary features like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi when not needed, and use power-saving modes. 4. *Using Power Management Software:* Utilize software that can automatically manage power consumption by turning off or putting devices to sleep after a period of inactivity. Therefore, the four ways are: Using Energy-Efficient Computers, Turning Off Devices When Not in Use, Adjusting Power Settings, and Using Power Management Software. *(c) Distinguish between the concepts of abstraction and decomposition in programming.* To distinguish between abstraction and decomposition, let's define each concept: - *Abstraction:* Abstraction is the practice of showing only the necessary information to the outside world while hiding the background details or implementation. It helps in reducing complexity by exposing only the necessary features. - *Decomposition:* Decomposition involves breaking down a complex problem or system into smaller, more manageable parts. It is a method of solving complex problems by dividing them into simpler sub-problems that are easier to understand and solve. The key difference is that abstraction focuses on hiding complexity and showing only the essential features, whereas decomposition is about breaking down a problem into smaller, more manageable components. *(d) Describe how to group shapes in PowerPoint.* To group shapes in PowerPoint, follow these steps: 1. *Select the Shapes:* Click on the first shape you want to group. Hold down the Ctrl key and click on the other shapes you wish to include in the group. 2. *Right-Click and Group:* Right-click on one of the selected shapes. From the context menu, choose "Group" and then "Group" again from the submenu. 3. *Alternative Method:* Alternatively, after selecting the shapes, you can go to the "Format" tab under "Drawing Tools" in the ribbon, find the "Group" button in the "Arrange" group, and click on it, then select "Group" from the dropdown menu. By grouping shapes, you can manipulate them as a single object, making it easier to move, resize, or apply formatting to multiple shapes simultaneously.