- (e) Outline two of the key principles governing Information security. - (d) Describe how the following search techniques are used to search for information on the internet: - (i) AND - (ii) NOT - (a) Convert 10010₂ to a decimal number. To answer these questions, we will go through each one step by step. *(e) Outline two of the key principles governing Information security.* Information security is crucial in today's digital age. Two key principles governing information security are: 1. *Confidentiality*: This principle ensures that sensitive information is only accessible to authorized individuals or systems. It involves protecting data from unauthorized access, theft, or exposure. 2. *Integrity*: This principle ensures that data is accurate, complete, and not modified without authorization. It involves maintaining the trustworthiness and reliability of information. *(d) Describe how the following search techniques are used to search for information on the internet.* Search techniques are essential for finding relevant information on the internet. Here are descriptions of how the specified search techniques are used: - *(i) AND*: The AND operator is used to narrow down search results by including only pages that contain both terms connected by AND. For example, searching for "information security AND principles" will return results that include both "information security" and "principles." - *(ii) NOT*: The NOT operator is used to exclude certain terms from search results. For example, searching for "information security NOT principles" will return results that include "information security" but exclude any results that also contain the term "principles." *(a) Convert 10010₂ to a decimal number.* To convert a binary number (base 2) to a decimal number (base 10), we need to understand the positional value of each digit in the binary number. The binary number given is 10010₂. To convert it to decimal, we calculate as follows: - (1 × 2⁴) + (0 × 2³) + (0 × 2²) + (1 × 2¹) + (0 × 2⁰) - = (1 × 16) + (0 × 8) + (0 × 4) + (1 × 2) + (0 × 1) - = 16 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 0 - = 18 Therefore, 10010₂ in decimal is 18.