*11 Key Changes Under BJP-Modi’s 11-Year Tenure* 1. BJP’s Transformation: BJP has become a broad-based party like Congress under Nehru, combining cultural Hinduism with attempts to address minority concerns, despite minority opposition. 2. Religious & Identity Assertion: BJP has built strong Hindu and caste vote coalitions, leading to minority consolidation against it. However, alliances with regional parties have kept minority engagement alive. 3. Corporate-Style Politics: BJP is run like a corporation — Modi as CEO, strong worker cadre, and marketing-style outreach, akin to FMCG promotions. 4. Rise of Freebie Politics: Modi’s popularity has forced all parties, including BJP, to embrace populist welfare schemes and doles as key to electoral success. 5. Stalled Reforms: Political competition has made reforms harder. Opposition blocks BJP’s proposals for political reasons. Failure of farm law reforms is a key example. 6. New Regional Leadership: BJP has built a second line of leaders — Yogi, Fadnavis, Himanta, Annamalai — giving the party broader state-level strength beyond Modi. 7. Rise of Nationalism: Strong national security posture under Modi, seen in Balakot strikes, Surgical Strikes, and Operation Sindoor, has made aggressive nationalism central to politics. 8. Empowered Bureaucracy: PMO under Modi is extremely powerful, leading to bureaucratic efficiency, but also a disconnect from ground-level political and public feedback. 9. Modi-Shah Model: Shows that governance benefits from a two-leader structure — one handling government (Modi), the other managing party and political strategy (Shah). 10. Leftward Shift in Politics: Heavy focus on freebies has made reforms favouring businesses difficult. Any pro-business step is viewed as cronyism, stalling economic deregulation. 11. Job Crisis: Unemployment remains a major issue. One-party dominance limits political consensus. Modi needs to use his political capital to build bipartisan support on this front.