# *Detailed SUMMARY of the article "Pak-Afghan thaw" by Zahid Hussain, Published in Dawn on June 11th, 2025:* The article discusses the *diplomatic breakthrough* between *Pakistan* and *Afghanistan*, where both countries agreed to upgrade their diplomatic relations to *ambassador level*, marking a significant shift in bilateral ties that had deteriorated since the *Taliban's return to power* in *2021*. This announcement followed an *informal trilateral meeting* of foreign ministers from *China*, *Afghanistan*, and *Pakistan* in *Beijing* last month. Only a few countries including *China*, *Russia*, *UAE*, and *Uzbekistan* have agreed to host *Taliban ambassadors*, while no country has *formally recognized* the *Taliban administration* primarily due to their policy of *barring women from education and work*. The breakthrough came after a *four-day conflict between India and Pakistan* that threatened regional stability, during which *Kabul* had been warming up to *New Delhi*. *China* played a crucial mediating role in mending relations between the two neighbors. *Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar* expressed confidence that this step would enhance cooperation in *economic*, *security*, *counterterrorism*, and *trade* areas. However, major challenges remain, including the use of *Afghan territory* by militants like the banned *TTP (Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan)* who are waging war against the *Pakistani state*. There has been a dramatic increase in *terrorist attacks* since the *Taliban's return*, with militants now better equipped with *sophisticated weapons* left behind by *American and NATO forces* after their *2021 withdrawal*. The article criticizes *Pakistan's policy of capitulation*, including *peace negotiations* with militant factions and allowing *thousands of armed fighters* to return home. *Pakistan* has also bombed alleged *militant hideouts* inside *Afghanistan*, while *Islamabad* has *expelled hundreds of thousands* of *illegal and documented Afghans* since *October 2023*, with approximately *845,000 Afghans* leaving Pakistan and around *3 million* remaining. The frequent *border closures* have disrupted trade and fueled *Afghan anger*. Meanwhile, *India* has moved to normalize ties with the *Taliban regime*, with the *Indian foreign secretary* meeting the *Afghan foreign minister* in *Dubai* earlier this year, giving *de facto legitimacy* to the *Taliban government*. This development raised concerns in *Beijing* and *Islamabad*, as *China* has developed the closest ties with the *Taliban regime* and has strong influence over both *Kabul* and *Islamabad*. The article concludes that while pressure must be maintained on *Kabul* to prevent cross-border terrorism, *Islamabad* should also broaden its *multi-dimensional cooperation* with the *Taliban regime*. # *Easy/Short SUMMARY*: *Pakistan* and *Afghanistan* agreed to upgrade diplomatic relations to *ambassador level* following a *trilateral meeting* in *Beijing* with *China*. This breakthrough came after *India-Pakistan conflict* and *Kabul's warming ties with New Delhi*. Major challenges remain including *TTP terrorism* from *Afghan territory*, *Pakistan's deportation* of *845,000 Afghans* since *October 2023*, and *border closures* disrupting trade. *China* mediated the diplomatic thaw, while *India* normalized ties with *Taliban*, raising concerns in *Beijing* and *Islamabad*. # *SOLUTIONS of The Problem*: ## *1. Strengthen Border Management* Establish *joint border monitoring* mechanisms to prevent *cross-border terrorism* and *illegal activities*. ## *2. Enhance Intelligence Cooperation* Share *intelligence data* on *TTP* and other militant groups to prevent *terrorist attacks*. ## *3. Revise Deportation Policy* Develop *humane repatriation* programs for *Afghan refugees* instead of *mass deportations*. ## *4. Promote Trade Relations* Keep *border crossings open* for *legitimate trade* and *economic cooperation*. ## *5. Counter India's Influence* Strengthen *Pakistan-Afghanistan ties* to prevent *Indian interference* in the region. ## *6. Leverage China's Mediation* Use *China's influence* to facilitate *dialogue* and.................. > *FOR MORE SUMMERIES* *First, register here with us* Cssmcqs.com/register _Then join this group_ > *Approval will be given to those CSS aspirants who are registered with us for CE-2026.* 📰📰 👇 📰📰 https://chat.whatsapp.com/BfFndUk2v17FjNmvnSIDJu