# *Detailed SUMMARY of the article "Iran attack fears" by Editorial, Published in Dawn on June 13th, 2025:* The article discusses the escalating tensions between the *US and Iran* as their diplomatic talks remain undecided, warning that if negotiations collapse, a devastating new conflict could engulf the *Middle East* and surrounding regions. The *IAEA Board of Governors* has passed a resolution stating that *Iran* is not complying with its *nuclear commitments*, though the resolution was not unanimous with *three states voting against* it and *11 abstaining*, indicating geopolitical divisions in its drafting and passage. *Russia and China*, which maintain cordial ties with Iran, voted against the resolution, while the *US and European allies* supported it. *Tehran* has threatened to leave the *Non-Proliferation Treaty* if further sanctions are imposed. The situation has escalated to the point where the *US has recalled non-essential staff* from its embassy in *Baghdad*, and *dependents of military personnel* have been ordered to leave American facilities in the *Gulf states* in anticipation of an *Iranian response* to a potential *Israeli attack* on the Islamic Republic. *Iran* has warned it will target *American bases* in the region if attacked. The article emphasizes that the *US-Iran talks* scheduled to be held in *Oman on Sunday* represent a make-or-break opportunity for both sides to step back from conflict. *Donald Trump*, who had initially been optimistic about the talks, acknowledged that personnel were being withdrawn because the *Middle East "could be a dangerous place"*. However, the editorial argues that instead of withdrawing personnel, the *American president* should pressure *Israel* to refrain from attacking Iran, noting that Trump has successfully restrained Israeli aggression before and must continue to do so for regional peace. While acknowledging that the *US-Israel* alliance has a clear military advantage, the article warns that *Iran will surely retaliate* if attacked, just as it struck Israel twice in the previous year. Despite the weakening of Iranian allies such as *Hezbollah, Hamas*, and *Syria's Bashar al-Assad*, *Tehran* still possesses formidable military capabilities, and *Yemen's pro-Iran Houthis* have warned that an Israeli attack would trigger a regional war and are capable of inflicting significant damage on the US and its allies. The editorial concludes by emphasizing that to avoid a nightmarish new war, *Israel must be reined in* and diplomacy must be given a chance in *Oman*. # *Easy/Short SUMMARY*: The *IAEA* passed a non-unanimous resolution claiming *Iran* violates *nuclear commitments*, with *Russia and China* opposing while the *US and Europe* supported it. *Iran* threatens to leave the *Non-Proliferation Treaty* if sanctioned further. The *US* has withdrawn *non-essential embassy staff* from *Baghdad* and *military dependents* from *Gulf states* amid fears of *Iranian retaliation* to potential *Israeli attacks*. *US-Iran talks in Oman* on Sunday offer a crucial opportunity to avoid conflict. The editorial urges *Trump* to restrain *Israel* rather than withdraw personnel, warning that despite weakened allies, *Iran* and *Yemen's Houthis* retain significant military capabilities for retaliation. # *SOLUTIONS of The Problem*: ## *1. Prioritize Diplomatic Engagement* Ensure the *US-Iran talks in Oman* proceed with serious commitment from both sides to avoid military escalation. ## *2. Restrain Israeli Aggression* *President Trump* should pressure *Israel* to refrain from attacking Iran, as he has done successfully before. ## *3. Seek Multilateral Consensus* Address the *geopolitical divisions* in the *IAEA resolution* by engaging *Russia and China* for unified approach. ## *4. Avoid Unilateral Sanctions* Prevent further sanctions on *Iran* that could trigger withdrawal from the *Non-Proliferation Treaty*. ## *5. Establish Regional Dialogue* Create broader *Middle Eastern diplomatic framework* including *Gulf states* to address regional concerns. ## *6. Implement Confidence-Building Measures* Establish military communication channels to prevent accidental escalation between *US*, *Israel*, and *Iran*. ## *7. Address Nuclear Compliance* Work within *IAEA framework* to resolve Iran's nuclear compliance issues through negotiation rather than confrontation. ## *8. Engage Iranian Allies* Include discussions about *Houthis* and other Iranian-aligned groups to address regional proxy conflicts. ## *9. Strengthen International Mediation* Involve neutral countries like *Oman* to facilitate ongoing diplomatic efforts between conflicting parties. ## *10. Focus on Economic Incentives* Offer economic benefits and sanctions relief as incentives for Iranian compliance with nuclear agreements. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures Given in the article*: - *IAEA Board of Governors* passed a resolution claiming *Iran* is not complying with *nuclear commitments*. - *Three states* voted against the resolution and *11 abstained*, showing it was not unanimous. - *Russia and China* voted against the resolution, while *US and European allies* supported it. - *Iran* threatened to leave the *Non-Proliferation Treaty* if further sanctions are imposed. - *US* recalled *non-essential staff* from embassy in *Baghdad*. - *Dependents of military personnel* ordered to leave American facilities in *Gulf states*. - *Iran* hit *Israel twice* in the previous year. - *US-Iran talks* scheduled in *Oman on Sunday*. - *Donald Trump* said the *Middle East "could be a dangerous place"*. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures out of the article*: - *Iran* has approximately *138 kg* of *60% enriched uranium* (*IAEA*, 2024). - *US* maintains *35,000 military personnel* across *Middle East bases* (*Pentagon*, 2024). - *Iran's military budget* is approximately *$25 billion annually* (*SIPRI*, 2024). - *Houthis* control *70%* of *Yemen's population centers* (*UN*, 2024). - *Israel* has conducted *over 400 airstrikes* in *Syria* since 2023 (*Israeli Defense Forces*, 2024). - *Iran* has *1,000+ ballistic missiles* capable of reaching Israel (*Center for Strategic Studies*, 2024). # *MCQs from the Article*: ### 1. *How many states voted against the IAEA resolution on Iran?* A. Two states *B. Three states* C. Four states D. Five states ### 2. *Which countries voted against the IAEA resolution?* A. US and France *B. Russia and China* C. Germany and UK D. India and Brazil ### 3. *Where are the US-Iran talks scheduled to be held?* A. Qatar B. UAE *C. Oman* D. Kuwait ### 4. *What did Iran threaten to leave if further sanctions are imposed?* A. IAEA *B. Non-Proliferation Treaty* C. UN D. Nuclear Deal ### 5. *How many times did Iran hit Israel in the previous year according to the article?* A. Once *B. Twice* C. Three times D. Four times # *VOCABULARY*: 1. *Undecided* (غیر فیصلہ شدہ) – Not yet determined or settled 2. *Devastating* (تباہ کن) – Causing severe damage or destruction 3. *Engulf* (گھیر لینا) – Completely surround or overwhelm 4. *Compliance* (تعمیل) – Acting according to rules or standards 5. *Unanimous* (متفقہ) – Agreed by everyone involved 6. *Abstained* (حصہ نہیں لیا) – Refrained from voting or participating 7. *Geopolitical* (جیو پولیٹیکل) – Related to politics influenced by geography 8. *Cordial* (دوستانہ) – Warm and friendly relations 9. *Sanctions* (پابندیاں) – Penalties imposed to force compliance 10. *Anticipation* (توقع) – Expectation of something happening 11. *Make-or-break* (فیصلہ کن) – Crucial moment that determines success or failure 12. *Brink* (حد) – Edge or verge of something dangerous 13. *Upbeat* (خوش امید) – Optimistic and positive 14. *Prevailed* (قائل کیا) – Successfully persuaded or convinced 15. *Reckless* (لاپرواہ) – Without thinking of consequences 16. *Retaliate* (جوابی کارروائی) – Respond to attack with counter-attack 17. *Formidable* (خوفناک) – Inspiring fear through impressive power 18. *Nightmarish* (ڈراؤنا) – Extremely unpleasant or frightening 19. *Reined in* (قابو میں رکھا) – Controlled or restrained 20. *Diplomacy* (سفارت کاری) – Art of managing international relations 📢 *Attention Please!* We appreciate your commitment to acquiring knowledge through our summaries. 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Click the link below to join now 🔗 [Dawn Article Summaries](https://cssmcqs.com/dawn-editorials-articles-summary-for-students-pdf-download/) *WhatsApp Channel Link*: [https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y](https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y) --- *www.dawn.com* *Iran attack fears* *Editorial* *~3 minutes* AS the fate of the US-Iran talks remains undecided, there are worrying signs that in case the negotiations collapse, a devastating new conflict could engulf the Middle East and its surrounding regions. In this regard, the IAEA Board of Governors has said in a resolution that Iran is not complying with its nuclear commitments. But the resolution was not unanimous; three states voted against it while 11 abstained, indicating a likely geopolitical role in the drafting and passage of the resolution. Both Russia and China, which have cordial ties with Iran, voted against it, while the US and its European allies supported it. Tehran has said that in case further sanctions are imposed on it, it will leave the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Meanwhile, the US has recalled non-essential staff from its embassy in Baghdad, while dependents of military personnel have been told to leave American facilities in the Gulf states in anticipation of an Iranian response to an Israeli attack on the Islamic Republic. Iran has said it will hit American bases in the region if it is attacked. Considering these worrying developments, the US-Iran talks to be held in Oman on Sunday — if they go ahead — will provide a make-or-break opportunity to walk back from the brink for both sides. Donald Trump, who had initially been upbeat about the talks, said personnel were being withdrawn as the Middle East "could be a dangerous place". But instead of withdrawing his people, the American president needs to put pressure on Israel to refrain from a dangerous attack on Iran. He has prevailed on the Zionist state to hold off on such reckless behaviour before, and must continue to do so in the interest of regional peace. While the US-Israel combine has an obvious military edge, Iran will surely retaliate if attacked, just as it hit Israel twice last year. Moreover, while Iranian allies such as Hezbollah, Hamas and Syria's Bashar al-Assad may be weakened or out of the picture, Tehran still has formidable military capabilities, while Yemen's pro-Iran Houthis, who say an Israeli attack will cause a regional war, are also capable of causing the US and its allies much pain. Therefore, in order to avoid a nightmarish new war, it is essential that Israel is reined in, and diplomacy is given a chance in Oman. *Published in Dawn, June 13th, 2025*