# *Detailed SUMMARY of the article "Deepening conflict" by Dawn Editorial, Published in Dawn on June 15th, 2025:* The article examines the escalating *Iran-Israel conflict* that continued for a *second day on Saturday*, following *Israel's provocative strikes* against *Iran on Friday*. *Israel* struck multiple sites and killed several *senior Iranian military leaders and scientists*, prompting *Tehran* to retaliate with *barrages of drones and missiles* towards the *Zionist state*. The conflict risks expansion, particularly if the *US gets involved*, which would devastate the region and send *global shockwaves*. Media reports indicate the *US shipped hundreds of missiles to Israel* before the attack and that *American forces helped shoot down Iranian missiles*. *Tehran* warned it will target *American, British, and French bases* if these states defend *Tel Aviv*. The editorial criticizes *President Donald Trump* for not preventing *Israel's attack on Iran*, despite billing himself as a *'man of peace'*. *Israel's justification* of *'pre-emptive strikes'* to prevent *Iran's nuclear program* is deemed hollow, coming from a state with its own *clandestine nuclear programme* that has violated *neighbors' sovereignty*. Even *MAGA movement supporters* have criticized the *Israeli war* and potential *American involvement*. *Trump's calls* for *Tehran* to resume *nuclear dialogue* are described as laughable during an *Israeli onslaught*, while *Netanyahu's appeals* for *Iranians to rise up* for *'freedom'* are called *black humor*, given *Israel's Gaza genocide* and disregard for *Palestinian life and liberty*. The editorial warns that *Iran's neighbors*, including *Pakistan* and *Middle East states*, must prepare for *prolonged geopolitical turbulence* and *economic tremors*, as the region serves as a global *trade and energy hub*. *Pakistan*, being *Iran's neighbor*, is particularly vulnerable and must prepare while safely bringing home *Pakistani zaireen and visitors in Iran*. # *Easy/Short SUMMARY*: *Iran-Israel conflict* escalated into a *second day* after *Israel's Friday strikes* killed *Iranian military leaders*. *Iran* retaliated with *drones and missiles*, while the *US* reportedly supplied *hundreds of missiles* to *Israel*. *Trump* is criticized for not stopping the war despite claiming to be a *'man of peace'*. *Israel's pre-emptive strike justification* is hollow given its own *nuclear program* and *Gaza genocide*. The conflict threatens *global trade and energy*, with *Pakistan* and regional states facing *geopolitical turbulence*. # *SOLUTIONS of The Problem*: ## *1. Immediate Ceasefire* Implement an *immediate ceasefire* through *UN Security Council* intervention and international pressure. ## *2. US De-escalation Role* *President Trump* should actively mediate rather than supply weapons to prevent *regional catastrophe*. ## *3. Nuclear Dialogue Resumption* Resume *Iran nuclear talks* through neutral mediators like *EU* or *Russia* away from conflict zones. ## *4. Regional Diplomatic Initiative* Launch *Middle Eastern diplomatic initiative* involving *Saudi Arabia*, *UAE*, and *Qatar* for peace. ## *5. International Sanctions* Impose *targeted sanctions* on leaders escalating conflict while protecting civilian populations. ## *6. Humanitarian Corridors* Establish *safe humanitarian corridors* for civilians and foreign nationals like *Pakistani zaireen*. ## *7. Energy Security Measures* Activate *strategic oil reserves* and diversify *energy supply chains* to counter regional disruptions. ## *8. UN Peacekeeping Deployment* Deploy *UN peacekeeping forces* to buffer zones and monitor *ceasefire compliance*. ## *9. Economic Stabilization Fund* Create *regional economic stabilization fund* to counter *trade and financial disruptions*. ## *10. Multi-track Diplomacy* Engage in *track-II diplomacy* involving civil society, religious leaders, and business communities. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures Given in the article*: - *Iran-Israel conflict* continued for a *second day on Saturday*. - *Israel* struck multiple sites on *Friday* and killed several *Iranian military leaders and scientists*. - *US shipped hundreds of missiles to Israel* before the attack. - *American forces helped shoot down Iranian missiles* headed for *Israel*. - *Tehran* threatened to hit *American, British, and French bases* if they defend *Tel Aviv*. - *Middle East* is among the world's *trade and energy hubs*. - *Pakistan* borders *Iran* and has *Pakistani zaireen and visitors* in the country. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures out of the article*: - *Iran* has *85 million* population with *$400 billion GDP* (*World Bank*, 2024). - *Israel* possesses *80-90 nuclear warheads* (*SIPRI*, 2024). - *Strait of Hormuz* handles *21%* of global *petroleum liquids* (*EIA*, 2024). - *US military aid to Israel* totaled *$3.8 billion annually* (*State Department*, 2024). - *Iran's missile arsenal* includes *3,000+ ballistic missiles* (*IISS*, 2024). - *Gaza conflict* killed *45,000+ Palestinians* since *October 2023* (*UN*, 2024). # *MCQs from the Article*: ### 1. *How long did the Iran-Israel conflict continue according to the article?* A. One day *B. Second day on Saturday* C. Three days D. One week ### 2. *What did the US reportedly ship to Israel before the attack?* A. Fighter jets *B. Hundreds of missiles* C. Nuclear weapons D. Military personnel ### 3. *Which countries' bases did Tehran threaten to target?* A. Germany and Italy *B. American, British, and French* C. Saudi Arabia and UAE D. Turkey and Egypt ### 4. *What justification did Israel give for its strikes on Iran?* A. Terrorism prevention *B. Pre-emptive strikes to prevent nuclear program* C. Self-defense D. Regional stability ### 5. *Which region is described as a global trade and energy hub?* A. Southeast Asia *B. Middle East* C. Europe D. Africa # *VOCABULARY*: 1. *Hostilities* (دشمنی) – Acts of warfare or conflict 2. *Provocative* (اشتعال انگیز) – Causing anger or strong reaction 3. *Barrages* (بارش) – Concentrated artillery or missile fire 4. *Zionist* (صہیونی) – Supporter of Jewish nationalism in Israel 5. *Onslaught* (حملہ) – Fierce or destructive attack 6. *Clandestine* (خفیہ) – Secret or hidden from public view 7. *Sovereignty* (خودمختاری) – Supreme power or authority of a state 8. *Warmongers* (جنگ کے حامی) – People who encourage warfare 9. *Ardent* (پرجوش) – Very enthusiastic or passionate 10. *Genocide* (نسل کشی) – Systematic killing of ethnic groups 11. *Turbulence* (بے چینی) – Violent or unsteady movement 12. *Tremors* (لرزش) – Shaking movements or disturbances 13. *Vulnerable* (کمزور) – Susceptible to harm or attack 14. *Zaireen* (زائرین) – Religious pilgrims or visitors 15. *Shockwaves* (جھٹکے) – Effects spreading from central event 16. *Diminishing* (کم ہونا) – Becoming smaller or less 17. *De-escalation* (کشیدگی میں کمی) – Reduction in intensity of conflict 18. *Devastating* (تباہ کن) – Highly destructive or damaging 19. *Prolonged* (طویل) – Extended over long period 20. *Geopolitical* (جغرافیائی سیاسی) – Politics influenced by geography 📢 *Attention Please!* We appreciate your commitment to acquiring knowledge through our summaries. 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Click the link below to join now 🔗 [Dawn Article Summaries](https://cssmcqs.com/dawn-editorials-articles-summary-for-students-pdf-download/) *WhatsApp Channel Link*: [https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y](https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y) --- *www.dawn.com* *Deepening conflict* *Editorial* *3 - 4 minutes* AS hostilities between Iran and Israel continued for the second day on Saturday, following Tel Aviv's provocative strikes against the Islamic Republic on Friday, many around the world worried about the diminishing chances of de-escalation. While Israel had struck multiple sites and killed several senior Iranian military leaders and scientists on Friday, Tehran hit back, sending barrages of drones and missiles towards the Zionist state later in the day. As the conflict grinds on, there are dangers it may expand, particularly if the US gets involved. Such a development would be devastating for the region, sending shockwaves across the globe. Some media reports say that the US had shipped hundreds of missiles to Israel before the attack on Iran, while there are also indications that American forces helped shoot down Iranian missiles headed for Israel. Tehran has said it will hit American as well as British and French bases if these states defend Tel Aviv. In the midst of conflict, President Donald Trump must be asked why he did not do more to stop Israel's attack on Iran. Tel Aviv's justification that it is waging 'pre-emptive' strikes to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear bomb rings hollow, coming from a state believed to have a clandestine nuclear programme itself, and which has violated the sovereignty of nearly all its neighbours. Mr Trump had billed himself a 'man of peace', but in this instance he is standing by as Israeli warmongers, flush with American cash and arms, have embarked on a destructive adventure that can set the Middle East alight. Even some of Mr Trump's ardent supporters in the MAGA movement have criticised the Israeli war, and potential American involvement. The US president's calls for Tehran to resume dialogue on the nuclear issue are laughable, especially at a time when Iran is facing an onslaught from America's key ally. Similarly, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's appeals for Iranians to rise up against their government and seek 'freedom' are the stuff of black humour, as Israel has killed and injured numerous ordinary Iranians in the ongoing aggression. Mr Netanyahu, so concerned about Iranians' freedom, clearly does not feel Palestinians are also entitled to life and liberty, as the Gaza genocide has shown. With prospects for peace looking dim, the world, particularly Iran's neighbours — including Pakistan and the Middle East states — must be prepared for prolonged geopolitical turbulence and economic tremors. The region is amongst the world's trade and energy hubs, and if the conflict continues and intensifies, the global order will feel the heat. Pakistan, as a neighbour of Iran, is particularly vulnerable, and the state must be ready for what lies ahead, while also making efforts to safely bring home Pakistani zaireen and visitors in Iran. Published in Dawn, June 15th, 2025