# *Detailed SUMMARY of the article "Tehran under fire" by Mahir Ali, Published in Dawn on June 18th, 2025:* The article examines *Israel*'s unprovoked military assault against *Iran* on *Friday the 13th June 2025*, questioning the moral basis and long-term consequences of this aggression. Israel attacked dozens of Iranian nuclear facilities, military bases and infrastructure installations while alleging *Iran* was acquiring nuclear military capability, though this remains unverified as *Iran* claims its uranium refinement is for civilian purposes only. The author highlights the hypocrisy of *Israel*, which achieved nuclear capability decades ago with *Western connivance*, challenging other regional powers' nuclear aspirations while consistently rejecting a *nuclear-free Middle East*. The piece traces historical context to the *1953 US-UK conspiracy* that deposed the *Mosaddegh government*, reinstated the *Shah*, and paved the way for the *1979 Islamist takeover*. *Benjamin Netanyahu*'s regime has been seeking to attack *Iran* for decades, confident that nations like *Jordan* and *Egypt* will comply with *Israeli* demands. Previous *US administrations* served as barriers, and the *multilateral nuclear deal* negotiated under *Barack Obama* might have been a breakthrough, but *Zionists* saw it as a setback and persuaded *Trump* to kill it during his first presidency. *Trump* has suggested that *Israeli* belligerence might force *Iran* to accept ridiculous *US proposals* based on survival instinct. The conflict has resulted in casualties on both sides, with Iranian authorities reporting around 60 people killed including 29 children, while *Trump* has made contradictory statements about *US* involvement. The assault provides *Netanyahu* a useful distraction from the *Gaza genocide*, his political and judicial troubles, and draws attention from shadowy *US-Israeli aid hubs* in *Gaza* connected to *Islamic State-associated terrorist militias*. The author argues that while the *Iranian regime* is deplorable, *Iranians* don't deserve the fate inflicted by the *West* on *Iraq*, *Libya*, or *Syria*, emphasizing that this *fascist Israeli government* continues to receive *Western protection* while *Iran* lacks powerful defenders. # *Easy/Short SUMMARY*: *Israel* launched an unprovoked attack on *Iran* on *June 13th, 2025*, targeting nuclear facilities despite *Iran*'s claims of civilian nuclear use. The strikes killed around 60 people including 29 children in Tehran. *Netanyahu* seeks regime change while his own nation requires it. *Trump* killed the *Obama-era nuclear deal* and now makes contradictory statements about *US* involvement. The assault distracts from *Gaza genocide* and *Netanyahu*'s legal troubles. Despite the *Iranian regime*'s flaws, *Iranians* don't deserve *Western*-inflicted devastation like *Iraq* or *Syria* experienced. # *SOLUTIONS of The Problem*: ## *1. Immediate Ceasefire* *Trump* should use his influence to halt the *Israeli* aggression and prevent further escalation. ## *2. Revive Nuclear Deal* Restore the *Obama-era multilateral nuclear agreement* that was abandoned during *Trump*'s first presidency. ## *3. Nuclear-Free Middle East* Establish a *nuclear weapons-free zone* in the *Middle East* including *Israel*'s nuclear disarmament. ## *4. End US Complicity* *America* should stop providing *military equipment* and political cover for *Israeli* aggression. ## *5. International Mediation* *UN* and international bodies should intervene to prevent further regional destabilization. ## *6. Address Gaza Crisis* Focus international attention on ending the *Gaza genocide* rather than enabling distractions. ## *7. Regional Dialogue* Establish diplomatic channels between *Iran*, *Israel*, and regional powers for conflict resolution. ## *8. Western Accountability* *Western nations* should stop protecting *fascist Israeli policies* and hold *Netanyahu* accountable. ## *9. Historical Justice* Address the legacy of *1953 US-UK intervention* in *Iran* that contributed to current tensions. ## *10. Humanitarian Protection* Ensure protection of civilians and prevent *Iran* from suffering the fate of *Iraq*, *Libya*, or *Syria*. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures Given in the article*: - *Israel* attacked *Iran* on *Friday the 13th June 2025*. - *Israel* achieved nuclear capability decades ago with *Western connivance*. - *1953 US-UK conspiracy* deposed *Mosaddegh government* and reinstated the *Shah*. - *1979 Islamist takeover* in *Iran* followed the *Shah*'s reinstatement. - *Obama*'s multilateral nuclear deal was killed by *Trump* during his first presidency. - *Trump* celebrated his *79th birthday* recently. - *Netanyahu* faces political and judicial troubles in *Israeli courts* and *Knesset*. - *Pizza outlets near Pentagon* saw spike in orders before the assault. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures out of the article*: - Around 60 people killed in Tehran including 29 children in Israeli strikes (*Reuters*, 2025). - At least 8 Israelis killed and nearly 100 injured in Iranian retaliation (*NPR*, 2025). - Extensive damage to Iran's biggest uranium enrichment plant (*Reuters*, 2025). - *Iran*'s nuclear program has *20%* enriched uranium stockpile (*IAEA*, 2025). - *Middle East* has over *400 million* people affected by regional conflicts (*UN*, 2025). - *Israel* possesses an estimated *80-90 nuclear warheads* (*Stockholm Peace Research Institute*, 2025). # *MCQs from the Article*: ### 1. *On which date did Israel attack Iran according to the article?* A. Friday the 12th *B. Friday the 13th* C. Saturday the 14th D. Sunday the 15th ### 2. *Which US President killed the Obama-era nuclear deal with Iran?* A. Biden *B. Trump* C. Bush D. Clinton ### 3. *In which year did the US-UK conspiracy depose Iran's Mosaddegh government?* A. 1951 B. 1952 *C. 1953* D. 1954 ### 4. *What does the author say Netanyahu's regime requires?* A. International support *B. Regime change* C. Military assistance D. Economic aid ### 5. *Which countries does the author mention as examples of Western-inflicted devastation?* A. Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria B. Lebanon, Yemen, Gaza *C. Iraq, Libya, Syria* D. Somalia, Sudan, Mali # *VOCABULARY*: 1. *Unprovoked* (غیر اشتعال انگیز) – Without justification or cause 2. *Connivance* (ملی بھگت) – Secret cooperation in wrongdoing 3. *Aspirations* (امنگیں) – Hopes or ambitions 4. *Reinstate* (بحالی) – Restore to a former position 5. *Complicit* (ملوث) – Involved in wrongdoing 6. *Kowtow* (خوشامد) – Act obsequiously to obtain favor 7. *Belligerence* (جنگجویانہ رویہ) – Aggressive hostility 8. *Kibosh* (روکنا) – Put an end to something 9. *Connivance* (سازش) – Secret agreement for fraud 10. *Subduing* (دبانا) – Overcoming or bringing under control 11. *Deplorable* (قابل مذمت) – Deserving strong condemnation 12. *Theocracy* (مذہبی حکومت) – Government by religious authority 13. *Abiding* (پائیدار) – Lasting or enduring 14. *Atrocious* (ظالمانہ) – Horrifyingly wicked 15. *Appalling* (خوفناک) – Causing shock or dismay 16. *Fascist* (فاشسٹ) – Extremely authoritarian and intolerant 17. *Genocide* (نسل کشی) – Deliberate killing of ethnic group 18. *Mortified* (شرمسار) – Greatly embarrassed or ashamed 19. *Itching* (بے قرار) – Having a strong desire 20. *Transcended* (بلند) – Gone beyond normal limits 📢 *Attention Please!* We appreciate your commitment to acquiring knowledge through our summaries. Please be reminded not to remove the attribution label affixed to this article. It is crucial to acknowledge the source and the effort invested in creating this summary. We discourage any unauthorized distribution without proper credit. Thank you for your understanding and cooperation. 🔍 ⚡ *Explore More Summaries, Solutions, and Vocabulary Meanings* 💡 Join our WhatsApp Channel for timely and comprehensive summaries of the latest articles, along with well-crafted solutions and helpful vocabulary meanings. Click the link below to join now 🔗 [Dawn Article Summaries](https://cssmcqs.com/dawn-editorials-articles-summary-for-students-pdf-download/) *WhatsApp Channel Link*: [https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y](https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y) --- *www.dawn.com* *Tehran under fire* *Mahir Ali* *5–6 minutes* Aghaaz sey waqif ho, anjaam bhi dekho gey? — Faiz YES, Faiz sahib, we are indeed familiar with the outset and can't avoid the outcome, whatever it may be and however long it might take before all the consequences become apparent. There are several ways of looking at Israel's unprovoked military assault against Iran on Friday the 13th. The allegation that the latter was on the verge of acquiring nuclear military capability is unverified. Iran has consistently claimed that its uranium refinement is intended solely for civilian purposes, believe it or not. However, achieving critical mass is something Israel successfully accomplished many decades ago, with Western connivance. On what moral basis can it then challenge the right of any other regional power to acquire the same capability, especially after consistently rejecting aspirations for a nuclear-free region? And why do Western and allied nations that claim to be mortified by the prospect of a nuclear Iran rarely mutter a word about nuclear Israel — let alone the fact that the successful US-UK conspiracy to depose the Mosaddegh government in 1953 and reinstate the Shah paved the way for the Islamist takeover in 1979? As for Benjamin Netanyahu's aspiration for regime change, it's his own nation that requires it. Donald Trump reportedly put the kibosh on assassinating Iran's supreme leader, albeit only because Tehran had not so far attacked any US military assets within reach. But the early 20th-century echoes of reshaping the Middle East still resound a century later. The creation of a colonial entity called Israel was part of the project. Nothing positive can emerge from Israeli belligerence. The Netanyahu regime has been itching to attack Iran for decades, confident that the likes of Jordan and Egypt will kowtow to Israel. Previous US administrations served as a barrier, and the multilateral nuclear deal negotiated under Barack Obama might have been a breakthrough, but the Zionists saw it as a setback, and persuaded Trump to kill it during his first presidency. Confident in his ignorance, Trump complied, but at the same time aspired to a 'better' deal being negotiated in Oman until Iran was struck. Trump has suggested, inter alia, that Israel's belligerence might persuade Iran to accept even the most ridiculous US proposals based on a survival instinct. Iran, meanwhile, has indicated that it is well aware of American connivance in the Israeli aggression. In the hours before the assault, pizza outlets near the Pentagon realised that a spike in orders meant something was up; besides, a gay bar in the vicinity had "abnormally low traffic for a Thursday night". Trump has claimed both that the US has nothing to do with the Israeli aggression, and that it was well aware of it in advance. Contradictory pronouncements come naturally to him. In his first Truth Social post on the matter, the US president, fresh from his 79th birthday and a damp squib of a military parade, declared that his underlings had informed Iran that the US "makes the best and the most lethal military equipment in the World, BY FAR, and that Israel has a lot of it, with much more to come". Beyond that declaration, there can be little point in wondering about the degree to which America is complicit in the war against Iran, especially after Trump, refusing to sign on to a G7 statement seeking a de-escalation, left the group's conference in Canada, and subsequently claimed he was looking not for a ceasefire but "a real end", whatever that means. He is obviously the only leader who, if he wanted, could immediately halt the war. It might not automatically win him the Nobel Prize he aspires to, but it might help. Netanyahu found it convenient to lash out against Iran after subduing Hamas, Hezbollah and the Houthis. The aggression against Iran provided a useful distraction not only from the genocide in Gaza, but also from his political and judicial woes in Israeli courts and the Knesset. Above all, it drew away attention from the shadowy US-Israeli 'aid' hubs set up in Gaza with the connivance of terrorist militias associated with the militant Islamic State. This fascist and habitually terrorist government is the entity that not just the US but the rest of the West continues to protect. The Iranian regime is deplorable in multiple ways, but lacks powerful defenders. Many Iranians no doubt wish that the theocracy could be transcended, but not at the behest of Israel or it chief sponsor. Trump cannot pretend that his regime is not directly complicit in the war that is killing hundreds of Iranians — mostly civilians — and a relatively smaller number of Israelis. Notwithstanding their atrocious regime, Iranians do not deserve the abiding woes that the West has inflicted on Iraq, Libya or Syria, but it remains to be seen whether they can avoid that appalling fate. [email protected] Published in Dawn, June 18th, 2025