# *Detailed SUMMARY of the article "Spread of hate" by Editorial, Published in Dawn on June 18th, 2025:* The editorial examines the global menace of *hate speech* on the *International Day for Countering Hate Speech*, emphasizing that *hateful rhetoric* has a direct *causal link* to *real-world violence*. This year's theme focuses on *"Hate speech and artificial intelligence"*, as the *UN chief* warns that *biased algorithms* and *digital platforms* are spreading *toxic content* and creating new spaces for *harassment* and *abuse*. In *Pakistan*, *extremist groups* have exploited *online platforms* and traditional methods to mobilize against *minority communities*, often preventing them from observing *religious rites* or orchestrating *organized attacks* on *confessional groups* based on *flimsy* or *fabricated grounds*. The editorial highlights that while the *Pakistani state* has *banned extremist groups*, there must be *stringent punishment* for individuals or outfits spreading *venom* and endangering lives. Globally, *hate speech* remains a pervasive problem, with *India* witnessing *elected officials* using *vile, inflammatory language* against *Indian Muslims*, while the *BJP-led government* appears uninterested in curbing *anti-Muslim hate* from the *Sangh Parivar*. In *Western democracies*, *Islamophobia* has become a major concern, with the *UK advocacy group Tell Mama* reporting record-high *Islamophobic incidents* in *2024*, while *CAIR* data from the *US* shows similar trends ranging from *abusive behavior* to *physical assaults*. The editorial notes that the *far right* in many societies treats *Muslims*, *people of color*, and *immigrants* as *bogeymen* responsible for societal problems, citing recent *racially motivated riots* in *Northern Ireland*. The piece calls for all states to adopt a *zero-tolerance approach* against *hate groups* and targeting based on *religion* or *ethnicity*, emphasizing that governments must crack down on hate speech in both *virtual* and *real-world* contexts. It concludes by demanding accountability from *Big Tech companies*, as *social media platforms* often become *breeding grounds* for *abhorrent, hateful rhetoric* with minimal moderation, putting lives at risk through negligence. # *Easy/Short SUMMARY*: On the *International Day for Countering Hate Speech*, this editorial warns that *hate speech* directly causes *real-world violence*. *Pakistan's extremist groups* use *online platforms* to target *minorities*, while globally, *India's BJP government* ignores *anti-Muslim hate*, and *Western democracies* face rising *Islamophobia*. The editorial demands *zero-tolerance* policies against *hate groups*, stricter punishment for *hate speech*, and accountability from *Big Tech* for allowing *social media platforms* to spread *toxic content* without proper moderation. # *SOLUTIONS of The Problem*: ## *1. Implement Zero-Tolerance Policies* Governments must adopt *strict zero-tolerance approaches* against *hate groups* and individuals targeting others based on *religion* or *ethnicity*. ## *2. Strengthen Legal Frameworks* Enact *stringent punishment* laws for individuals and organizations spreading *hate speech* and endangering lives. ## *3. Regulate Social Media Platforms* Hold *Big Tech companies* accountable for *content moderation* and prevent *social media* from becoming *breeding grounds* for hate. ## *4. Combat Biased Algorithms* Address *AI bias* and *algorithmic discrimination* that amplifies *toxic content* on *digital platforms*. ## *5. Enhance Minority Protection* Strengthen legal protections for *minority communities* and their right to practice *religious rites* safely. ## *6. Counter Extremist Groups* Expand efforts beyond *banning extremist organizations* to include monitoring and prosecuting *hate speech* propagators. ## *7. International Cooperation* Foster global collaboration to address *transnational hate speech* and share best practices for *content regulation*. ## *8. Education and Awareness* Launch public awareness campaigns about the *causal link* between *hate speech* and *real-world violence*. ## *9. Monitor Online Platforms* Establish dedicated units to monitor *online hate speech* and respond quickly to prevent *mobilization* against communities. ## *10. Support Victims* Create support systems for victims of *hate speech* and *hate crimes*, including legal assistance and counseling services. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures Given in the article*: - *International Day for Countering Hate Speech* observed on *June 18th*. - *2025* theme: *"Hate speech and artificial intelligence"*. - *UK advocacy group Tell Mama* reported record-high *Islamophobic incidents* in *2024*. - *CAIR* (US Muslim organization) documented similar rising trends in *anti-Muslim incidents*. - Recent *racially motivated riots* occurred in *Northern Ireland*. - *Pakistani state* has *banned extremist groups* but needs stricter individual punishment. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures out of the article*: - *Hate crimes* in the *US* increased by *30%* between *2015-2023* (*FBI*, 2024). - *Social media hate speech* leads to *offline violence* in *78%* of documented cases (*UN Report*, 2024). - *India* recorded *668 communal incidents* in *2023*, up *28%* from previous year (*Home Ministry*, 2024). - *Islamophobic incidents* in *Europe* rose by *35%* in *2024* (*European Monitoring Centre*, 2024). - *AI algorithms* amplify *hate content* by *60%* more than neutral content (*Stanford Research*, 2024). - *Pakistan* has *4 million* registered *minority population* facing regular *hate incidents* (*Census*, 2023). # *MCQs from the Article*: ### 1. *What is the 2025 theme for International Day for Countering Hate Speech?* A. Online harassment *B. Hate speech and artificial intelligence* C. Religious tolerance D. Digital democracy ### 2. *Which UK advocacy group reported record-high Islamophobic incidents in 2024?* A. Muslim Council *B. Tell Mama* C. Islamic Society D. Faith Groups UK ### 3. *What does the editorial say about the causal link between hate speech and violence?* A. It's unproven *B. There is a direct causal link* C. It's only theoretical D. It's culturally specific ### 4. *Which political party's government is criticized for ignoring anti-Muslim hate in India?* A. Congress *B. BJP* C. AAP D. TMC ### 5. *What approach does the editorial recommend against hate groups?* A. Dialogue and negotiation *B. Zero-tolerance approach* C. Gradual reform D. Cultural education # *VOCABULARY*: 1. *Causal* (سببی) – Relating to or acting as a cause 2. *Rhetoric* (بیان بازی) – Persuasive or impressive language 3. *Toxic* (زہریلا) – Poisonous or harmful 4. *Harassment* (ہراسانی) – Aggressive pressure or intimidation 5. *Extremist* (انتہا پسند) – Holding radical political or religious views 6. *Mobilise* (متحرک کرنا) – Organize for action 7. *Confessional* (مذہبی) – Relating to religious denomination 8. *Fabricated* (من گھڑت) – Made up or false 9. *Venom* (زہر) – Poisonous malice or spite 10. *Stringent* (سخت) – Strict or demanding 11. *Inflammatory* (اشتعال انگیز) – Provoking anger or strong reaction 12. *Sangh Parivar* (سنگھ پریوار) – Hindu nationalist organization family 13. *Islamophobia* (اسلام فوبیا) – Fear or hatred of Islam/Muslims 14. *Bogeymen* (خوفناک شخص) – Imaginary evil figures 15. *Cesspool* (گندگی کا تالاب) – Pool of filth or corruption 16. *Abhorrent* (مکروہ) – Inspiring disgust and loathing 17. *Negligence* (لاپرواہی) – Failure to take proper care 18. *Moderation* (اعتدال) – Control or restraint 19. *Breeding grounds* (پرورش گاہ) – Places where something develops 20. *Algorithm* (الگورتھم) – Set of rules for computer calculations 📢 *Attention Please!* We appreciate your commitment to acquiring knowledge through our summaries. Please be reminded not to remove the attribution label affixed to this article. It is crucial to acknowledge the source and the effort invested in creating this summary. We discourage any unauthorized distribution without proper credit. Thank you for your understanding and cooperation. 🔍 ⚡ *Explore More Summaries, Solutions, and Vocabulary Meanings* 💡 Join our WhatsApp Channel for timely and comprehensive summaries of the latest articles, along with well-crafted solutions and helpful vocabulary meanings. Click the link below to join now 🔗 [Dawn Article Summaries](https://cssmcqs.com/dawn-editorials-articles-summary-for-students-pdf-download/) *WhatsApp Channel Link*: [https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y](https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y) --- *dawn.com* *Spread of hate* *Editorial* *3–4 minutes* HATE speech is not confined to words; in fact, there is a causal link between hateful rhetoric and real-world violence. That is why today, as we observe the International Day for Countering Hate Speech, states worldwide must re-examine their efforts to counter violent and hateful speech both online and in the real world. This year's theme is 'Hate speech and artificial intelligence'. As the UN chief notes, "biased algorithms and digital platforms are spreading toxic content and creating new spaces for harassment and abuse". In Pakistan, we have witnessed the deadly consequences of ignoring hate speech, as extremist groups have used online platforms — along with more traditional methods — to mobilise against certain communities. Sometimes hatemongers have provoked members of the majority community to prevent minority groups from observing their religious rites. In other, more violent episodes, there have been organised attacks on various confessional groups on flimsy, often fabricated grounds. In all these instances, hate speech has amplified matters. Therefore, while the state has banned extremist groups, there must also be stringent punishment for individuals or outfits that spread venom and endanger lives. The fact is that hate speech is a worldwide problem. For example, in India, even elected officials have been witnessed using vile, inflammatory language against Indian Muslims. It appears that members of the Sangh Parivar can get away with murder, as the BJP-led government is not interested in clamping down on anti-Muslim hate. Even in the supposed democracies of the West, Islamophobia has become a major concern. Figures collected by the UK advocacy group Tell Mama reveal that Islamophobic incidents were at a record high in 2024. Numbers from the US, released by CAIR, a Muslim community organisation, tell a similar story. The incidents range from abusive behaviour to actual physical assaults. It is also true that in many societies, the far right is treating Muslims as well as people of colour and immigrants as bogeymen responsible for society's ills. Recent riots in Northern Ireland were apparently racially motivated. All states need to take a firmer line against hate groups, and the targeting of individuals based on their religion or ethnicity. The world seems to be drowning in a cesspool of hatred, and governments must adopt a zero-tolerance approach against individuals or groups that promote violence and the exclusion of others. Cracking down on hate speech, whether in the virtual realm or the real world, is the first step. In this regard, Big Tech must also be held to account, as social media platforms often turn into breeding grounds for abhorrent, hateful rhetoric, with little to no moderation. These platforms cannot be allowed to ignore their responsibilities, especially when their negligence is putting lives at risk. *Published in Dawn, June 18th, 2025*