LEGAL TERMS COMMONLY USED ♦️A - Affidavit : A sworn written statement used as legal evidence . ♦️B - Bail : Temporary release of an accused under legal conditions . ♦️C - Contempt of Court : Act that disrespects or obstructs court authority . ♦️ D - Doctrine of Basic Structure : Limits Parliament's power to amend core constitutional features . ♦️E - Estoppel : Stops a person from denying past claims in court . ♦️ F - FIR : First police report when a serious crime is reported . ♦️G - Gazette : Official record for publishing government notifications . ♦️H - Habeas Corpus : Writ to produce a detained person before court . ♦️I - Injunction : Court order stopping someone from doing something . ♦️ J - Jurisdiction : Court's legal authority to hear a case . ♦️K - KYC : Identity verification required by law in financial / legal services . ♦️L - Locus Standi : Right to be heard in a court of law . ♦️M - Mens Rea : Criminal intent behind a wrongful act . ♦️N - Non - Cognizable Offence : Requires magistrate's permission to investigate . ♦️0 - Obiter Dicta : Non - binding judicial comments made in passing . ♦️P - PIL : Legal action filed to protect public interest . ♦️Q - Quash : To legally cancel a proceeding or order . ♦️R - Res Judicata : Prevents re - litigation of a decided issue . ♦️S - Summons : Court notice to appear or respond . ♦️T - Tort : Civil wrong causing harm , leading to liability . ♦️U - Ultra Vires : Act beyond legal authority or power . ♦️V - Vakalatnama : Document authorizing a lawyer to represent a client . ♦️W - Writ : Formal court order enforcing rights or legal duty . ♦️ X - Xerox Evidence : Secondary evidence used when the original is unavailable . ♦️Y - Young Offender : Juvenile involved in crime ; handled under juvenile justice law . ♦️Z - Zero FIR : FIR filed without jurisdiction barrier for urgent crimes .