PSY-301: Introduction to Psychology_MCQS: 1. Psychology is the scientific study of a) Behavior only b) Mind only c) Behavior and mental processes d) Biology only ✅ c) Behavior and mental processes 2. Who is considered the father of psychology? a) Freud b) Wilhelm Wundt c) Skinner d) James Watson ✅ b) Wilhelm Wundt 3. Which school of psychology focused on the structure of consciousness? a) Functionalism b) Behaviorism c) Structuralism d) Psychoanalysis ✅ c) Structuralism 4. Which perspective studies observable behavior only? a) Psychoanalytic b) Behaviorism c) Humanistic d) Cognitive ✅ b) Behaviorism 5. The method involving detailed investigation of an individual is called: a) Experimental method b) Case history method c) Correlational method d) Observation ✅ b) Case history method 6. Longitudinal studies involve: a) Studying many people at one time b) Studying one individual over a long time c) Studying different groups at one time d) None of these ✅ b) Studying one individual over a long time 7. The basic unit of the nervous system is: a) Brain b) Neuron c) Spinal cord d) Muscle ✅ b) Neuron 8. The part of neuron that receives signals from other neurons is called: a) Axon b) Dendrite c) Cell body d) Myelin sheath ✅ b) Dendrite 9. The central nervous system consists of: a) Brain and spinal cord b) Brain and nerves c) Nerves and muscles d) Spinal cord and muscles ✅ a) Brain and spinal cord 10. The peripheral nervous system includes: a) Brain and spinal cord b) Sensory and motor neurons outside CNS c) Only sensory neurons d) Only motor neurons ✅ b) Sensory and motor neurons outside CNS 11. Which gland is called the “master gland”? a) Thyroid b) Adrenal c) Pituitary d) Pancreas ✅ c) Pituitary 12. Sensation is: a) Interpretation of sensory information b) Process of detecting stimuli c) Perception d) Attention ✅ b) Process of detecting stimuli 13. Perception is: a) Raw sensory data b) Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information c) Reflex action d) Sensory receptor activity ✅ b) Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information 14. Which sense organ is responsible for vision? a) Ear b) Nose c) Eye d) Tongue ✅ c) Eye 15. The colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil is called: a) Retina b) Iris c) Cornea d) Lens ✅ b) Iris 16. The structure responsible for focusing light on the retina is the: a) Iris b) Lens c) Cornea d) Pupil ✅ b) Lens 17. The part of the ear that contains the cochlea is called: a) Outer ear b) Middle ear c) Inner ear d) Auditory canal ✅ c) Inner ear 18. Audition refers to the sense of: a) Touch b) Hearing c) Taste d) Smell ✅ b) Hearing 19. Attention is: a) Ignoring stimuli b) Focusing on specific stimuli c) Perceiving all stimuli equally d) Sensory adaptation ✅ b) Focusing on specific stimuli 20. Which type of attention involves voluntarily focusing on a stimulus? a) Selective attention b) Divided attention c) Sustained attention d) Involuntary attention ✅ a) Selective attention 21. A psychological method that manipulates variables to observe effects is called: a) Observation b) Experimental method c) Case study d) Correlation ✅ b) Experimental method 22. Which method measures the relationship between two variables? a) Experimental method b) Correlational method c) Case study d) Observation ✅ b) Correlational method 23. In psychology, a hypothesis is: a) A proven fact b) A testable prediction c) A theory d) A method ✅ b) A testable prediction 24. The brain is part of the: a) Peripheral nervous system b) Central nervous system c) Endocrine system d) Muscular system ✅ b) Central nervous system 25. The spinal cord connects the brain to: a) Muscles only b) Peripheral nervous system c) Skin only d) Endocrine glands ✅ b) Peripheral nervous system 26. The sensory neurons carry information: a) From CNS to muscles b) From sensory organs to CNS c) Within the brain only d) From muscles to brain ✅ b) From sensory organs to CNS 27. Motor neurons transmit impulses: a) From sensory organs to CNS b) From CNS to muscles c) From brain to spinal cord only d) None of these ✅ b) From CNS to muscles 28. Which gland regulates metabolism? a) Thyroid b) Pituitary c) Adrenal d) Pancreas ✅ a) Thyroid 29. The phenomenon of sensory adaptation means: a) Increased sensitivity to stimuli b) Decreased sensitivity to constant stimuli c) Complete loss of sensation d) Random changes in sensation ✅ b) Decreased sensitivity to constant stimuli 30. The ability to perceive depth and distance is called: a) Spatial perception b) Temporal perception c) Auditory perception d) Visual acuity ✅ a) Spatial perception 31. Temporal perception is related to perception of: a) Time b) Space c) Color d) Sound intensity ✅ a) Time 32. Which sense is involved in gustation? a) Hearing b) Taste c) Smell d) Touch ✅ b) Taste 33. The cornea is located in the: a) Ear b) Eye c) Nose d) Mouth ✅ b) Eye 34. The pupil regulates: a) The amount of light entering the eye b) Focusing of the lens c) Color detection d) Eye movement ✅ a) The amount of light entering the eye 35. The auditory canal is part of the: a) Outer ear b) Middle ear c) Inner ear d) Brain ✅ a) Outer ear 36. Which gland produces adrenaline? a) Thyroid b) Adrenal c) Pituitary d) Pancreas ✅ b) Adrenal 37. The basic function of dendrites is to: a) Send signals to other neurons b) Receive signals from other neurons c) Produce neurotransmitters d) Protect the neuron ✅ b) Receive signals from other neurons 38. The cell body of a neuron is also called: a) Axon b) Soma c) Synapse d) Myelin sheath ✅ b) Soma 39. The myelin sheath helps: a) Speed up neural transmission b) Slow down signals c) Produce neurotransmitters d) Connect neurons ✅ a) Speed up neural transmission 40. Which method involves observing behavior without interference? a) Experimental method b) Case study c) Naturalistic observation d) Correlational method ✅ c) Naturalistic observation 41. Which gland controls metabolism and calcium levels? a) Pituitary b) Thyroid c) Parathyroid d) Adrenal ✅ c) Parathyroid 42. Psychological research uses the scientific method because it: a) Relies on intuition b) Produces subjective results c) Produces reliable and valid results d) Avoids experiments ✅ c) Produces reliable and valid results 43. Which school emphasized unconscious mind? a) Behaviorism b) Psychoanalysis c) Functionalism d) Structuralism ✅ b) Psychoanalysis 44. The basic sensory units for taste are called: a) Taste buds b) Olfactory cells c) Rods d) Cones ✅ a) Taste buds 45. The method involving gathering data by asking questions is called: a) Experimental method b) Survey method c) Case study d) Observation ✅ b) Survey method 46. Which sense detects chemicals in the air? a) Vision b) Audition c) Olfaction (smell) d) Touch ✅ c) Olfaction (smell) 47. The ability to maintain focus on a task over time is called: a) Selective attention b) Divided attention c) Sustained attention d) Sensory adaptation ✅ c) Sustained attention 48. Which method involves studying people at one point in time? a) Cross-sectional b) Longitudinal c) Experimental d) Case history ✅ a) Cross-sectional 49. Which is a limitation of correlational studies? a) Cannot establish cause and effect b) Are time-consuming c) Are always expensive d) Do not collect quantitative data ✅ a) Cannot establish cause and effect 50. In psychology, an independent variable is: a) The outcome measured b) The manipulated factor c) Random variable d) Constant variable ✅ b) The manipulated factor 51. A dependent variable is: a) The outcome measured b) The manipulated factor c) A random variable d) A control variable ✅ a) The outcome measured 52. Ethical research requires: a) Deception always b) Informed consent c) Ignoring participant rights d) No confidentiality ✅ b) Informed consent 53. The sympathetic nervous system is part of: a) Central nervous system b) Peripheral nervous system c) Endocrine system d) Muscular system ✅ b) Peripheral nervous system 54. The parasympathetic nervous system: a) Prepares body for fight or flight b) Returns body to rest state c) Controls skeletal muscles d) Controls heartbeat only ✅ b) Returns body to rest state 55. Which of the following is NOT a method of psychological research? a) Experimental method b) Case study c) Astrology d) Correlational study ✅ c) Astrology 56. The limbic system is primarily involved in: a) Vision b) Emotion and memory c) Movement coordination d) Language processing ✅ b) Emotion and memory 57. The process by which sensory receptors convert stimuli into neural signals is called: a) Transduction b) Perception c) Sensation d) Adaptation ✅ a) Transduction 58. The psychological perspective that emphasizes free will and human potential is: a) Behaviorism b) Psychoanalysis c) Humanistic psychology d) Cognitive psychology ✅ c) Humanistic psychology 59. The term “cognitive psychology” refers to the study of: a) Behavior only b) Unconscious motives c) Mental processes like thinking and memory d) Genetic influences on behavior ✅ c) Mental processes like thinking and memory 60. The Stroop test is used to measure: a) Memory capacity b) Selective attention and cognitive interference c) Visual acuity d) Reaction time to auditory stimuli ✅ b) Selective attention and cognitive interference