# *All Important Vocabulary Words from the Articles Published on Dawn* ( _May 13, 2025_ ) 1. *Abeyance* (التوا) – Temporary suspension or postponement > The project was kept in *abeyance* until further funding arrived. _SYNONYMS_: **suspension**, postponement, delay, pause, halt *ANTONYMS*: **continuation**, progress, advancement, resumption, activation 2. *Abusive* (غلط استعمال) – Improper or excessive use of power > The court declared the action *abusive* of administrative authority. _SYNONYMS_: **harsh**, cruel, violent, oppressive, exploitative *ANTONYMS*: **kind**, gentle, respectful, caring, protective 3. *Acknowledged* (تسلیم کیا) – Accepted or admitted the existence of > The government *acknowledged* the severity of the climate crisis. _SYNONYMS_: **admitted**, recognized, accepted, confessed, conceded *ANTONYMS*: **denied**, rejected, ignored, disputed, refuted 4. *Adaptive* (موافقت پذیر) – Able to adjust to new conditions > Nations must develop *adaptive* strategies for changing climates. _SYNONYMS_: **flexible**, adjustable, versatile, resilient, responsive *ANTONYMS*: **rigid**, inflexible, fixed, stubborn, unchanging 5. *Admission* (اعتراف) – Acknowledgment or confession of truth > His *admission* of guilt surprised the entire courtroom. _SYNONYMS_: **confession**, acknowledgment, declaration, revelation, disclosure *ANTONYMS*: **denial**, refusal, rejection, concealment, cover-up 6. *Alarming* (خطرناک) – Causing worry or fear > The *alarming* rise in pollution levels demands immediate action. _SYNONYMS_: **frightening**, disturbing, worrying, threatening, shocking *ANTONYMS*: **reassuring**, comforting, calming, soothing, peaceful 7. *Alarmingly* (خطرناک حد تک) – In a way that causes worry > Water levels have dropped *alarmingly* in recent months. _SYNONYMS_: **frighteningly**, disturbingly, shockingly, dangerously, seriously *ANTONYMS*: **reassuringly**, comfortingly, calmly, peacefully, safely 8. *Annihilation* (تباہی) – Complete destruction > The war threatened the complete *annihilation* of the region. _SYNONYMS_: **destruction**, obliteration, extermination, elimination, devastation *ANTONYMS*: **creation**, construction, preservation, protection, salvation 9. *Anticipation* (توقع) – Expectation of something happening > There was great *anticipation* before the election results. _SYNONYMS_: **expectation**, excitement, hope, eagerness, suspense *ANTONYMS*: **dread**, fear, indifference, apathy, surprise 10. *Apathy* (لاپرواہی) – Lack of interest or concern > Public *apathy* towards voting weakens democratic processes. _SYNONYMS_: **indifference**, disinterest, unconcern, detachment, lethargy *ANTONYMS*: **enthusiasm**, passion, concern, interest, engagement 11. *Arbitrary* (من مانا) – Based on personal whim rather than reason > The judge criticized the *arbitrary* nature of the decision. _SYNONYMS_: **random**, unreasonable, unfair, capricious, whimsical *ANTONYMS*: **fair**, reasonable, justified, logical, systematic 12. *Articulates* (واضح کرنا) – Expresses clearly and effectively > The speaker *articulates* complex policies in simple terms. _SYNONYMS_: **expresses**, communicates, explains, voices, conveys *ANTONYMS*: **mumbles**, confuses, obscures, garbles, misrepresents 13. *Assessments* (تشخیص) – Evaluations or appraisals of situations > Environmental *assessments* revealed significant damage to ecosystems. _SYNONYMS_: **evaluations**, appraisals, examinations, analyses, reviews *ANTONYMS*: **assumptions**, guesses, ignorance, neglect, oversight 14. *Abstained* (حصہ نہیں لیا) – Refrained from voting or participating > Several members *abstained* from the controversial vote. _SYNONYMS_: **refrained**, avoided, declined, withdrew, withheld *ANTONYMS*: **participated**, engaged, voted, joined, contributed 15. *Auctioned* (نیلام) – Sold to the highest bidder > The government *auctioned* public land for development projects. _SYNONYMS_: **sold**, bid, marketed, traded, disposed *ANTONYMS*: **bought**, purchased, acquired, retained, kept 16. *Bartered* (تبادلہ) – Exchanged through negotiation > The tribes *bartered* goods without using currency. _SYNONYMS_: **traded**, exchanged, swapped, negotiated, dealt *ANTONYMS*: **purchased**, bought, sold, gifted, donated 17. *Behest* (حکم) – Command or urgent request > The investigation was launched at the *behest* of parliament. _SYNONYMS_: **command**, order, request, instruction, directive *ANTONYMS*: **suggestion**, advice, recommendation, proposal, option 18. *Boycotting* (بائیکاٹ) – Refusing to participate > Opposition parties are *boycotting* the parliamentary session. _SYNONYMS_: **avoiding**, shunning, rejecting, protesting, refusing *ANTONYMS*: **participating**, supporting, endorsing, attending, joining 19. *Breach* (خلاف ورزی) – Violation or breaking of law > The company was fined for *breach* of environmental regulations. _SYNONYMS_: **violation**, infringement, transgression, contravention, breaking *ANTONYMS*: **compliance**, adherence, observance, respect, obedience 20. *Brink* (حد) – Edge or verge of something dangerous > The nation stands on the *brink* of economic collapse. _SYNONYMS_: **edge**, verge, threshold, precipice, border *ANTONYMS*: **safety**, security, stability, center, middle 21. *Ceding* (تسلیم کرنا) – Giving up or surrendering > The treaty involved *ceding* territory to neighboring countries. _SYNONYMS_: **surrendering**, yielding, relinquishing, abandoning, conceding *ANTONYMS*: **retaining**, keeping, holding, defending, claiming 22. *Colleagues* (ساتھی) – Fellow workers or associates > She consulted her *colleagues* before making the decision. _SYNONYMS_: **coworkers**, associates, partners, teammates, peers *ANTONYMS*: **opponents**, rivals, enemies, competitors, strangers 23. *Commodity* (سامان تجارت) – Something that can be bought and sold > Oil remains a crucial *commodity* in international trade. _SYNONYMS_: **product**, goods, merchandise, item, resource *ANTONYMS*: **service**, intangible, abstract, concept, idea 24. *Compliance* (تعمیل) – Acting in accordance with rules > Environmental *compliance* is mandatory for all industries. _SYNONYMS_: **adherence**, conformity, obedience, observance, submission *ANTONYMS*: **defiance**, rebellion, violation, disobedience, resistance 25. *Comprehensive* (جامع) – Complete and thorough > The committee prepared a *comprehensive* report on corruption. _SYNONYMS_: **complete**, thorough, extensive, detailed, exhaustive *ANTONYMS*: **incomplete**, partial, limited, superficial, brief 26. *Concerted* (مشترکہ) – Done with great effort and determination > A *concerted* effort is needed to combat climate change. _SYNONYMS_: **coordinated**, unified, joint, collective, combined *ANTONYMS*: **scattered**, divided, individual, separate, unorganized 27. *Consultative* (مشاورتی) – Involving consultation and discussion > The *consultative* process ensured all stakeholders were heard. _SYNONYMS_: **advisory**, collaborative, participatory, cooperative, inclusive *ANTONYMS*: **dictatorial**, authoritarian, unilateral, exclusive, independent 28. *Coordinated* (مربوط) – Organized and working together effectively > The rescue operation was well *coordinated* across agencies. _SYNONYMS_: **organized**, synchronized, harmonized, integrated, unified *ANTONYMS*: **chaotic**, disorganized, scattered, confused, fragmented 29. *Cordial* (دوستانہ) – Warm and friendly relations > The meeting ended on a *cordial* note despite disagreements. _SYNONYMS_: **friendly**, warm, pleasant, amiable, genial *ANTONYMS*: **hostile**, cold, unfriendly, antagonistic, rude 30. *Credible* (قابل اعتماد) – Believable or trustworthy > The witness provided *credible* testimony in court. _SYNONYMS_: **believable**, trustworthy, reliable, authentic, convincing *ANTONYMS*: **incredible**, unbelievable, doubtful, suspicious, unreliable 31. *Credentials* (اسناد) – Qualifications and achievements > The ambassador's diplomatic *credentials* were impeccable. _SYNONYMS_: **qualifications**, certificates, documents, testimonials, references *ANTONYMS*: **disqualifications**, inadequacies, deficiencies, shortcomings, failures 32. *Curated* (منتخب کردہ) – Carefully selected and organized > The exhibition featured *curated* artifacts from ancient civilizations. _SYNONYMS_: **selected**, chosen, organized, arranged, compiled *ANTONYMS*: **random**, haphazard, unorganized, scattered, neglected 33. *Deliberations* (مشاورت) – Careful consideration or discussion > The jury's *deliberations* lasted three days. _SYNONYMS_: **discussions**, consultations, considerations, debates, reflections *ANTONYMS*: **impulse**, haste, rashness, spontaneity, carelessness 34. *Delinquent* (قصوروار) – Failing in duty or obligation > The court declared the contractor *delinquent* in payments. _SYNONYMS_: **negligent**, defaulting, irresponsible, remiss, careless *ANTONYMS*: **responsible**, dutiful, reliable, prompt, conscientious 35. *Devastating* (تباہ کن) – Causing severe destruction or damage > The earthquake had *devastating* effects on the region. _SYNONYMS_: **destructive**, ruinous, catastrophic, disastrous, overwhelming *ANTONYMS*: **beneficial**, constructive, helpful, healing, restorative 36. *Devastation* (تباہی) – Great destruction or damage > The flood left widespread *devastation* across the valley. _SYNONYMS_: **destruction**, ruin, damage, havoc, wreckage *ANTONYMS*: **construction**, creation, restoration, repair, renewal 37. *Diktat* (حکم نامہ) – Harsh order or command > The military issued a *diktat* suspending civil liberties. _SYNONYMS_: **decree**, edict, order, command, mandate *ANTONYMS*: **request**, suggestion, advice, recommendation, plea 38. *Diplomacy* (سفارت کاری) – Art of managing international relations > Successful *diplomacy* prevented the conflict from escalating. _SYNONYMS_: **negotiation**, statecraft, tact, mediation, dialogue *ANTONYMS*: **warfare**, aggression, hostility, conflict, confrontation 39. *Discourse* (گفتگو) – Written or spoken communication or debate > Academic *discourse* shapes policy recommendations. _SYNONYMS_: **discussion**, dialogue, conversation, debate, communication *ANTONYMS*: **silence**, monologue, isolation, secrecy, muteness 40. *Dismantling* (ختم کرنا) – Taking apart or destroying > The government began *dismantling* outdated regulatory structures. _SYNONYMS_: **destroying**, demolishing, breaking, dissolving, eliminating *ANTONYMS*: **building**, constructing, creating, establishing, assembling 41. *Dread* (خوف) – Great fear or apprehension > Citizens live in *dread* of another terrorist attack. _SYNONYMS_: **fear**, terror, anxiety, apprehension, horror *ANTONYMS*: **courage**, confidence, hope, anticipation, excitement 42. *Dual* (دوہرا) – Having two parts or aspects > The policy serves a *dual* purpose of growth and sustainability. _SYNONYMS_: **double**, twin, binary, paired, twofold *ANTONYMS*: **single**, singular, unified, sole, individual 43. *Ecological* (ماحولیاتی) – Related to ecosystem and environment > The *ecological* impact of deforestation is irreversible. _SYNONYMS_: **environmental**, natural, biological, organic, green *ANTONYMS*: **artificial**, synthetic, industrial, mechanical, unnatural 44. *Elusive* (مشکل) – Difficult to achieve or catch > Peace in the region remains *elusive* despite negotiations. _SYNONYMS_: **difficult**, hard, challenging, unattainable, fleeting *ANTONYMS*: **easy**, accessible, achievable, available, obtainable 45. *Emissions* (اخراج) – Discharge of gases or pollutants > Carbon *emissions* must be reduced to combat global warming. _SYNONYMS_: **discharge**, release, output, pollution, exhaust *ANTONYMS*: **absorption**, intake, capture, containment, retention 46. *Endorsed* (تائید) – Publicly supported or approved > The policy was *endorsed* by international organizations. _SYNONYMS_: **approved**, supported, backed, sanctioned, recommended *ANTONYMS*: **rejected**, opposed, disapproved, condemned, criticized 47. *Engulf* (گھیر لینا) – Completely surround or overwhelm > Protests began to *engulf* the entire capital city. _SYNONYMS_: **surround**, overwhelm, consume, envelop, swallow *ANTONYMS*: **release**, free, liberate, expose, uncover 48. *Entitlements* (حقوق) – Rights or privileges one is entitled to > Social security *entitlements* form the safety net for citizens. _SYNONYMS_: **rights**, privileges, benefits, claims, allowances *ANTONYMS*: **obligations**, duties, responsibilities, restrictions, denials 49. *Envisaging* (تصور کرنا) – Contemplating or imagining > The plan is *envisaging* complete digitization within five years. _SYNONYMS_: **imagining**, visualizing, anticipating, planning, foreseeing *ANTONYMS*: **ignoring**, neglecting, overlooking, dismissing, forgetting 50. *Erratic* (غیر متوقع) – Unpredictable and inconsistent > The minister's *erratic* behavior raised questions about leadership. _SYNONYMS_: **unpredictable**, inconsistent, irregular, unstable, volatile *ANTONYMS*: **consistent**, reliable, stable, predictable, steady 51. *Eventuality* (امکان) – Possible event or outcome > Contingency plans covered every possible *eventuality*. _SYNONYMS_: **possibility**, outcome, circumstance, contingency, scenario *ANTONYMS*: **certainty**, impossibility, definite, guaranteed, assured 52. *Exacerbating* (بڑھانا) – Making a problem worse > Poor infrastructure is *exacerbating* the unemployment crisis. _SYNONYMS_: **worsening**, aggravating, intensifying, heightening, amplifying *ANTONYMS*: **improving**, alleviating, reducing, easing, soothing 53. *Existential* (وجودی) – Relating to existence or survival > Climate change poses an *existential* threat to island nations. _SYNONYMS_: **survival**, fundamental, basic, essential, critical *ANTONYMS*: **trivial**, minor, superficial, insignificant, unimportant 54. *Exploitation* (استحصال) – Unfair treatment for benefit > Workers protested against *exploitation* by multinational companies. _SYNONYMS_: **abuse**, misuse, manipulation, oppression, taking advantage *ANTONYMS*: **protection**, care, support, assistance, empowerment 55. *Fanciful* (خیالی) – Imaginative but unrealistic > Critics dismissed the proposal as *fanciful* and impractical. _SYNONYMS_: **unrealistic**, impractical, whimsical, imaginative, idealistic *ANTONYMS*: **realistic**, practical, feasible, sensible, achievable 56. *Finalisation* (حتمی شکل) – Process of completing or concluding > The *finalisation* of the treaty took months of negotiations. _SYNONYMS_: **completion**, conclusion, finishing, settlement, resolution *ANTONYMS*: **beginning**, initiation, start, commencement, opening 57. *Formidable* (خوفناک) – Inspiring fear through impressive power > The opposition faced a *formidable* challenge in the elections. _SYNONYMS_: **intimidating**, daunting, impressive, powerful, threatening *ANTONYMS*: **weak**, harmless, insignificant, manageable, easy 58. *Fragmented* (ٹکڑے ٹکڑے) – Broken into separate parts > The healthcare system remains *fragmented* across provinces. _SYNONYMS_: **divided**, scattered, broken, disjointed, separated *ANTONYMS*: **unified**, integrated, connected, cohesive, whole 59. *Fruition* (تکمیل) – The realization or fulfillment of a plan > Years of planning finally came to *fruition* with project completion. _SYNONYMS_: **fulfillment**, realization, achievement, completion, success *ANTONYMS*: **failure**, abandonment, incompletion, disappointment, defeat 60. *Geopolitical* (جیو پولیٹیکل) – Related to politics influenced by geography > The region's *geopolitical* importance cannot be understated. _SYNONYMS_: **strategic**, political, territorial, regional, international *ANTONYMS*: **local**, domestic, internal, personal, individual 61. *Gridlock* (تعطل) – Complete standstill or deadlock > Parliamentary *gridlock* prevented any meaningful legislation. _SYNONYMS_: **deadlock**, stalemate, impasse, standstill, blockage *ANTONYMS*: **progress**, movement, advancement, flow, agreement 62. *Hailstorms* (اولے کی بارش) – Storms with falling ice pellets > Unexpected *hailstorms* damaged crops across the province. _SYNONYMS_: **ice storms**, severe weather, tempests, downpours, precipitation *ANTONYMS*: **sunshine**, clear skies, calm weather, drought, fair conditions 63. *Haunting* (ڈراونا) – Disturbing or deeply affecting emotionally > The documentary presented *haunting* images of war refugees. _SYNONYMS_: **disturbing**, troubling, moving, affecting, memorable *ANTONYMS*: **comforting**, reassuring, pleasant, soothing, forgettable 64. *Heartbreaking* (دل دہلا دینے والا) – Causing great sadness or distress > The *heartbreaking* stories of flood victims moved the nation. _SYNONYMS_: **tragic**, devastating, distressing, sad, painful *ANTONYMS*: **heartwarming**, joyful, uplifting, encouraging, comforting 65. *Helplessness* (بے بسی) – State of being unable to help > Families expressed *helplessness* against rising inflation. _SYNONYMS_: **powerlessness**, weakness, vulnerability, inability, impotence *ANTONYMS*: **power**, strength, capability, control, influence 66. *Hoot* (پروا) – Care or concern (idiom: don't give a hoot) > The corrupt official didn't give a *hoot* about public welfare. _SYNONYMS_: **care**, concern, attention, interest, regard *ANTONYMS*: **indifference**, apathy, disregard, neglect, carelessness 67. *Hostage* (یرغمال) – Person held captive as security > Negotiations continued for the release of diplomatic *hostages*. _SYNONYMS_: **captive**, prisoner, detainee, victim, pawn *ANTONYMS*: **free person**, liberator, rescuer, captor, guard 68. *Immense* (بہت زیادہ) – Extremely large or great > The *immense* pressure forced the minister to resign. _SYNONYMS_: **huge**, enormous, vast, massive, tremendous *ANTONYMS*: **tiny**, small, minimal, insignificant, negligible 69. *Imperative* (لازمی) – Essential or crucial > Immediate action on climate change is *imperative* for survival. _SYNONYMS_: **essential**, crucial, vital, necessary, urgent *ANTONYMS*: **optional**, unnecessary, unimportant, trivial, dispensable 70. *Implemented* (نافذ کیا گیا) – Put into effect or executed > The new tax policy was *implemented* across all sectors. _SYNONYMS_: **executed**, enforced, applied, carried out, established *ANTONYMS*: **abandoned**, cancelled, suspended, withdrawn, ignored 71. *In-camera* (خفیہ) – Private or confidential session > The sensitive matter was discussed in an *in-camera* meeting. _SYNONYMS_: **private**, confidential, secret, closed, exclusive *ANTONYMS*: **public**, open, transparent, visible, accessible 72. *Inclusive* (جامع) – Including all concerned parties > The peace process must be *inclusive* of all ethnic groups. _SYNONYMS_: **comprehensive**, all-embracing, universal, broad, encompassing *ANTONYMS*: **exclusive**, narrow, limited, restricted, selective 73. *Inequality* (عدم مساوات) – Lack of equality or fairness > Economic *inequality* continues to widen in developing countries. _SYNONYMS_: **disparity**, unfairness, imbalance, discrimination, injustice *ANTONYMS*: **equality**, fairness, balance, justice, parity 74. *Inescapable* (ناگزیر) – Impossible to avoid or evade > The *inescapable* reality is that resources are running out. _SYNONYMS_: **unavoidable**, inevitable, certain, sure, definite *ANTONYMS*: **avoidable**, preventable, optional, escapable, uncertain 75. *Informality* (غیر رسمیت) – Lack of official structure > The *informality* of the discussion encouraged honest opinions. _SYNONYMS_: **casualness**, relaxation, ease, simplicity, freedom *ANTONYMS*: **formality**, strictness, rigidity, ceremony, protocol 76. *Inter se* (آپس میں) – Between themselves or among each other > The provinces resolved their disputes *inter se*. _SYNONYMS_: **among themselves**, mutually, between parties, internally, collectively *ANTONYMS*: **externally**, with outsiders, publicly, through intermedia