🛡️ *Evolution of Civil services in India* ♟️1. Cornwallis ( 1786-93) first to organise . ♟️ 2. Wellesley ( 1798-1805) A. Fort William college for new recruits B. 1806- Disapproved ( by Court of Directors) C. East India College at Haileybury in England ♟️3. 1853- Open competition ♟️4. Indian Civil Service Act, 1861: A. Age: 23 (1859), 22 ( 1860), 21 ( 1866), 19 ( 1878) B. 1863- Satyendra Nath Tagore became first Indian to qualify ♟️5. Statutory civil service (1878-79: Lytton) A. 1/6th covenanted post to Indians through nominations ( system failed and abolished) ♟️6. Aitchison Committee on Public Services ( 1886) - Dufferin A. Drop covenanted and uncovenanted B. Imperial Indian Civil service ( Exam- England), Provincial Civil Service ( exam- India), Subordinate Civil Service ( Exam- India) C. Raising Age limit to 23 ♟️7. Montford Reforms 1919: A. 1/3rd recruitment in India itself- to be raised annually by 1.5% ♟️8. Lee Commission 1924: A. Direct recruit. To ICS on basis of 50:50 parity to be reached in 15 yrs B. Public Service Commission to be established ( as laid in GoI Act,1919) ♟️9. GoI Act, 1935: A. Establishment of Federal Public Service Commission and Provincial Public Service Commission.