# *Detailed SUMMARY of the article "Refuge denied" by Editorial, Published in Dawn on June 20th, 2025:* The editorial examines the global *refugee crisis* on *World Refugee Day*, highlighting that *122 million people* were displaced by *war* and *persecution* by the end of *April 2025* according to *UNHCR*. *Pakistan* has historically been a *front-line state* hosting refugees, particularly from *Afghanistan*, sheltering between *3.7-4.4 million Afghans* as of *2023*. However, recent months have witnessed a drastic policy shift with intensified *deportation drives* forcing over *200,000 undocumented Afghans* to leave since *April*, and nearly *1 million expelled* since late *2023*. The editorial criticizes these deportations as violating the *principle of non-refoulement*, as people are being sent back without *individual risk assessments* to a homeland plagued by *insecurity*. In the *Middle East*, *Israel's military onslaught* in *Gaza* has displaced at least *664,800 Palestinians* between *March 18-June 11*, with *82% of Gaza* now under *displacement orders* or *militarized zones* according to *OCHA*. The territory faces *famine conditions* with fuel shortages, failing hospitals, and aid convoys struggling through the siege. In *Sudan*, the *civil war* has created the world's largest displacement crisis with over *12.3 million uprooted*, including *8.8 million IDPs* and *3.5 million refugees*. The editorial emphasizes that refugees are not threats but consequences of unresolved global conflicts, calling on *Pakistan* to reaffirm its obligations under *international conventions* and demanding the *international community* share responsibility through *resettlement options* and support for host countries. # *Easy/Short SUMMARY*: *World Refugee Day* highlights *122 million* displaced globally by *war* and *persecution*. *Pakistan* historically hosted *3.7-4.4 million Afghans* but recently expelled nearly *1 million* since late *2023*, violating *non-refoulement principles*. *Gaza's siege* displaced *664,800 Palestinians* with *82%* under displacement orders, while *Sudan's civil war* created *12.3 million displaced*. The editorial calls for *international responsibility-sharing* and addressing *root causes* of displacement. # *SOLUTIONS of The Problem*: ## *1. Halt Forced Deportations* Stop *mass deportations* of *Afghan refugees* and conduct *individual risk assessments* before any returns. ## *2. Implement Non-Refoulement* Strictly adhere to the *principle of non-refoulement* and *international refugee law* obligations. ## *3. Increase International Support* Mobilize *global funding* and *resettlement programs* to support *host countries* like *Pakistan*. ## *4. Address Root Causes* Tackle underlying issues: *Afghan instability*, *Gaza's siege*, and *Sudan's civil war* through diplomatic solutions. ## *5. Expand Humanitarian Access* Ensure *unrestricted humanitarian aid* delivery to conflict zones, especially *Gaza* and *Sudan*. ## *6. Strengthen UN Mechanisms* Reform *UN Security Council* to overcome paralysis and enforce *ceasefire resolutions*. ## *7. Enhance Refugee Integration* Develop *integration programs* for long-term refugees including *education*, *healthcare*, and *work permits*. ## *8. Create Regional Frameworks* Establish *regional cooperation mechanisms* for *burden-sharing* among neighboring countries. ## *9. Document Refugee Populations* Implement *proper documentation systems* to protect refugee rights and provide legal status. ## *10. Promote Peace Processes* Accelerate *peace negotiations* in *Afghanistan*, *Gaza*, and *Sudan* to enable safe voluntary returns. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures Given in the article*: - *122 million people* displaced by *war* and *persecution* by end of *April 2025*. - *Pakistan* sheltered between *3.7-4.4 million Afghans* as of *2023*. - Over *200,000 undocumented Afghans* forced to leave *Pakistan* since *April 2025*. - Nearly *1 million Afghans* expelled from *Pakistan* since late *2023*. - *664,800 Palestinians* displaced in *Gaza* between *March 18-June 11, 2025*. - *82%* of *Gaza* under *displacement orders* or *militarized zones*. - *Sudan's civil war* displaced over *12.3 million* people. - *8.8 million IDPs* and *3.5 million refugees* from *Sudan*. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures out of the article*: - *Afghanistan* remains the world's largest refugee-producing country (*UNHCR*, 2024). - *Pakistan* hosts the second-largest refugee population globally (*UN*, 2024). - *Gaza* has one of the highest population densities at *6,507 per km²* (*World Bank*, 2023). - *Sudan's displacement* exceeds *Syria's peak* of *12 million* in *2016* (*UNHCR*, 2024). - Only *15 countries* provide *80%* of global refugee hosting (*Oxfam*, 2024). - *Climate change* will displace *1.2 billion* by *2050* (*World Bank*, 2023). # *MCQs from the Article*: ### 1. *How many people were displaced globally by the end of April 2025?* A. 100 million *B. 122 million* C. 150 million D. 200 million ### 2. *How many Afghans has Pakistan expelled since late 2023?* A. 500,000 B. 750,000 *C. Nearly 1 million* D. 1.5 million ### 3. *What percentage of Gaza is under displacement orders or militarized zones?* A. 75% B. 80% *C. 82%* D. 85% ### 4. *Which country has the world's largest displacement crisis according to the article?* A. Afghanistan B. Syria *C. Sudan* D. Palestine ### 5. *What principle does the article say Pakistan is violating in deportations?* A. Non-interference *B. Non-refoulement* C. Non-violence D. Non-discrimination # *VOCABULARY*: 1. *Displacement* (نقل مکانی) – Forced movement from one's home 2. *Persecution* (ظلم و ستم) – Hostility and ill-treatment 3. *Refugees* (پناہ گزین) – People fleeing their country for safety 4. *Non-refoulement* (واپسی سے منع) – Prohibition of returning refugees to danger 5. *Deportation* (ملک بدری) – Expulsion from a country 6. *Undocumented* (غیر دستاویزی) – Without legal papers 7. *Precarious* (غیر محفوظ) – Uncertain and dependent on chance 8. *Onslaught* (حملہ) – Fierce attack 9. *Enclave* (علیحدہ علاقہ) – Territory surrounded by foreign land 10. *Throttled* (دبایا گیا) – Restricted or choked 11. *Strafed* (گولی برساری) – Attacked with gunfire from aircraft 12. *Teeters* (لڑکھڑانا) – Moves unsteadily 13. *Unfettered* (بے قید) – Unrestricted 14. *Indifference* (لاتعلقی) – Lack of interest or concern 15. *Paralysis* (فالج) – Complete inability to act 16. *IDPs* (اندرونی بے گھر) – Internally Displaced Persons 17. *Fallout* (نتائج) – Adverse results or effects 18. *Resettlement* (دوبارہ آبادکاری) – Permanent relocation 19. *Perpetuate* (برقرار رکھنا) – Make continue indefinitely 20. *Siege* (محاصرہ) – Military blockade 📢 *Attention Please!* We appreciate your commitment to acquiring knowledge through our summaries. Please be reminded not to remove the attribution label affixed to this article. It is crucial to acknowledge the source and the effort invested in creating this summary. We discourage any unauthorized distribution without proper credit. Thank you for your understanding and cooperation. 🔍 ⚡ *Explore More Summaries, Solutions, and Vocabulary Meanings* 💡 Join our WhatsApp Channel for timely and comprehensive summaries of the latest articles, along with well-crafted solutions and helpful vocabulary meanings. Click the link below to join now 🔗 [Dawn Article Summaries](https://cssmcqs.com/dawn-editorials-articles-summary-for-students-pdf-download/) *WhatsApp Channel Link*: [https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y](https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y) dawn.com Refuge denied Editorial 3–4 minutes ON World Refugee Day, it is essential we confront the scale of human displacement, which has now reached record-breaking levels globally. According to UNHCR, 122m people were displaced by war and persecution by the end of April. While wars, persecution and climate disasters continue to drive this crisis, it is the response of host nations and the global community that remains in need of introspection. Pakistan has long been a front-line state in hosting refugees, particularly from Afghanistan. For decades Afghans fleeing conflict and poverty found refuge here. As of 2023, Pakistan sheltered between 3.7m to 4.4m Afghans. However, recent months have seen a drastic shift: since April over 200,000 undocumented Afghans have been forced to leave the country amid intensified deportation drives. Nearly 1m have been expelled since late 2023. Their return is precarious. Scores have left with little more than the clothes on their backs to a homeland rife with insecurity. Sending people back without individual risk assessments contradicts the principle of non-refoulement. The situation in the Middle East is even more perilous. Israel’s brutal military onslaught in Gaza has displaced at least 664,800 Palestinians between March 18 and June 11, bulldozing homes and propelling families into overcrowded tent cities. OCHA estimates that 82pc of the enclave is now subject to displacement orders or militarised zones. With fuel throttled, hospitals failing and bread queues strafed by gunfire, Gaza teeters on famine’s brink while aid convoys crawl through a tightening siege. The international community’s repeated calls for an immediate ceasefire and unfettered humanitarian access have been met with indifference in Tel Aviv and paralysis at the UNSC. In Sudan, the civil war has uprooted over 12.3m, including 8.8m IDPs and 3.5m refugees — making it the world’s largest displacement crisis. Refugees are not a threat; they are a consequence of threats the world has failed to resolve. On this day, Pakistan must reaffirm its obligations under global conventions and ensure dignity and due process for all those within its borders. The international community must also share the responsibility. Wealthier nations must offer resettlement options and support host countries struggling with the fallout of regional crises. Without tackling root causes — from Afghan instability to Gaza’s siege and Sudan’s civil war — we perpetuate cycles of displacement and suffering. Published in Dawn, June 20th, 2025