🔆 How Civil Servants Helped British Expansion in India 📍 ✅ Administrative Control British officer Lord Cornwallis introduced rules (Cornwallis Code) to make civil services more efficient. This helped the British govern large areas smoothly. 📍 ✅ Revenue Collection Civil servants set up the Permanent Settlement in Bengal, ensuring steady tax collection for Britain and boosting their economic control. 📍 ✅ Legal & Judicial Role They created the Indian Civil Service (ICS) to apply British laws and suppress local opposition, making British authority stronger in Indian society. 📍 ✅ Survey & Mapping Led by Sir George Everest, civil servants conducted large surveys. This gave the British geographical knowledge needed for military and planning. 📍 ✅ Political Manipulation Using the Doctrine of Lapse, civil servants like Lord Dalhousie annexed Indian kingdoms if rulers had no biological heirs, expanding British rule. 📍 ✅ Infrastructure Development Civil servants helped build the railways (from 1853). This allowed faster troop and goods movement, linking India to global markets and strengthening British economic and military hold.