UPSC Indian Polity Prelims Mains Notes UPSC Polity Polity UPSC Constitution Polity MCQs Quiz Pyqs

UPSC Indian Polity Prelims Mains Notes UPSC Polity Polity UPSC Constitution Polity MCQs Quiz Pyqs

6/1/2025, 7:42:31 AM

*🛡️Important case laws related to Constitution of India:* *1 S.R.Bommai v.UOI:* (1994) Federalism I Secularism Artilcle 356 and floor test. S. R. Bommai case was a landmark judgment of the Supreme Court of India, where the Court discussed provisions of Article 356 of the Constitution of India and related issues. This case had a huge impact on Centre-State Relations. The judgement attempted to curb misuse of Article 356 of the Constitution of India, which allowed President's rule to be imposed on state governments. *2 Samsher Singh v. State of punjab: (1974)* Function of President/Governor with aid and advice of Council of Ministers *3 Maneka Gandhi v. UOI: (1978)* Article 21 Right to travel abroad (Article 14, 19 and 21) *4 Indra Sawhney v. UOI: (1992)* SCC - Mandal Commission *5 C. Golaknath case (1967):* Validity of the First and Seventeenth Amendments and described the scope of Article 13 *6 Kesvananda Bharti case (1973):* Basic Structure of the Indian Constitution *7 Menaka Gandhi case (1978):* Significant towards the transformation of the judicial review *8 Waman Rao Case (1981):* Validity of 9th Schedule.

UPSC Indian Polity Prelims Mains Notes UPSC Polity Polity UPSC Constitution Polity MCQs Quiz Pyqs

6/1/2025, 6:29:26 AM

*🛡️Remission* ♟️Remission is the reduction of a prison sentence granted to a convict before the completion of their term. ♟️It is different from parole or pardon, as the conviction remains, but the sentence is shortened. 💎Past SC Judgments on Remission: ♟️ *Sangeet & Anr. v State of Haryana (2013):* SC ruled that remission cannot be suo motu, requiring an application from the convict. ♟️Mohinder Singh v State of Punjab (2013): Reaffirmed that remission must be initiated through an application, not by courts or the government automatically. ♟️Mafabhai Motibhai Sagar v. State of Gujarat (2024): Held that remission conditions must be reasonable and cannot be arbitrarily stringent or vague. *💎Supreme Court’s 2025 Judgment & Guidelines* ♟️Suo motu remission allowed: If a remission policy exists, states must proactively consider eligible convicts without waiting for applications. ♟️Mandatory remission policy: States without a remission policy must formulate one within two months. ♟️Conditions for remission: Must be based on crime motive, criminal record, and public safety, ensuring rehabilitation. ♟️Protection against arbitrary cancellation: Remission cannot be revoked for minor breaches, and convicts must get a notice and a chance to respond before cancellation. ♟️Transparency in remission decisions: Legal aid authorities must track remission cases and maintain real-time data on a digital portal.

UPSC Indian Polity Prelims Mains Notes UPSC Polity Polity UPSC Constitution Polity MCQs Quiz Pyqs

6/1/2025, 1:58:47 PM

*🛡️Directive Principles Of State policy DPSP* ♟️The constitution of India aims to establish not only political democracy but also socioeconomic justice to the people to establish a welfare state. ♟️These provisions are given in Part IV of Indian Constitution. ♟️Directive Principles of state policy are in the form of instructions to the governments at the centre as well as states. ♟️Though these principles are non justiciable, they are fundamental in the governance of the country. ♟️The idea of the Directive Principles of State Policy has been taken from the Irish Republic . ♟️The Directive Principles of State policy were incorporated in our constitution in order to provide economic justice and to avoid concentration of wealth in the hands of few people. ♟️The constitution covers from Article 36 to 51 as Directive Principles of State Policy. ♟️They are unique blend of socialistic, liberal, democratic and Gandhian Principles. ♟️They describe as the ‘conscience of the constitution’. ♟️In the “State of Tamil Nadu etc. Vs L.Abu Kavur Bai” case in 1984 , the Supreme court held that although directive principles of State Policy are not enforceable, yet the court should not avoid them.

UPSC Indian Polity Prelims Mains Notes UPSC Polity Polity UPSC Constitution Polity MCQs Quiz Pyqs

6/1/2025, 11:10:42 AM

🛡️ *AD HOC JUDGE* ♟️When there is a lack of quorum of the permanent judges to hold or continue any session of the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice of India can appoint a judge of a High Court as an ad hoc judge of the Supreme Court for a temporary period. ♟️He can do so only after consultation with the chief justice of the High Court concerned and with the previous consent of the president. ♟️The judge so appointed should be qualified for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court. ♟️It is the duty of the judge so appointed to attend the sittings of the Supreme Court, in priority to other duties of his office. While so attending, he enjoys all the jurisdiction, powers and privileges (and discharges the duties) of a judge of the Supreme Court.

UPSC Indian Polity Prelims Mains Notes UPSC Polity Polity UPSC Constitution Polity MCQs Quiz Pyqs

6/1/2025, 2:55:45 AM

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UPSC Indian Polity Prelims Mains Notes UPSC Polity Polity UPSC Constitution Polity MCQs Quiz Pyqs

6/1/2025, 1:19:31 PM

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UPSC Indian Polity Prelims Mains Notes UPSC Polity Polity UPSC Constitution Polity MCQs Quiz Pyqs

6/1/2025, 4:40:07 PM

🛡️ *Swaran Singh Committee* ♟️In 1976, Congress Party set up the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee to make recommendations about fundamental duties, the need felt during the operation of the internal emergency (1975–1977). ♟️The committee recommended the inclusion of a separate chapter on fundamental duties in the Constitution. ♟️It stressed that the citizens should become conscious that in addition to the enjoyment of rights, they also have certain duties to perform as well. ♟️The Congress Government at Centre accepted these recommendations and enacted the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1976. ♟️This amendment added a new part, namely, Part IVA to the Constitution. This new part consists of only one Article, that is, Article 51A. ♟️Though Swaran Singh Committee suggested eight Fundamental Duties in the Constitution, the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act (1976) included ten Fundamental Duties.

UPSC Indian Polity Prelims Mains Notes UPSC Polity Polity UPSC Constitution Polity MCQs Quiz Pyqs

6/1/2025, 3:03:01 PM

*Congratulations, dear students!* We are now a family of *over 30000 students*. *Keep reading and keep sharing!* Thank you Dear Students.. *Double Tap, if you like our efforts ❤️ 💕💖*

UPSC Indian Polity Prelims Mains Notes UPSC Polity Polity UPSC Constitution Polity MCQs Quiz Pyqs

6/1/2025, 3:27:43 AM

*♟️Qualification Of Judges* ♟️A person to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court should have the following qualifications:- ✔️He should be a citizen of India. ✔️a) He should have been a judge of a High Court (or high courts in succession) for five years; or (b) He should have been an advocate of a High Court (or High Courts in succession) for ten years; or (c) He should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the president. ♟️From the above, it is clear that the Constitution has not prescribed a minimum age for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court.

UPSC Indian Polity Prelims Mains Notes UPSC Polity Polity UPSC Constitution Polity MCQs Quiz Pyqs

5/31/2025, 3:36:09 PM

🟢 Committees Of The Constituent Assembly   Major Committees ◾️ Union Powers Committee - Jawaharlal Nehru ◾️ Union Constitution Committee -Jawaharlal Nehru ◾️ Provincial Constitution Committee -Sardar Patel ◾️ Drafting Committee - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar ◾️ Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas - Sardar Patel. This committee had the following five sub- committees :- ◾️ Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee - J.B. Kripalani ◾️ Minorities Sub-Committee - H.C. Mukherjee ◾️ North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Excluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee - Gopinath Bardoloi ◾️ Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee - A.V. Thakkar ◾️ North-West Frontier Tribal Areas Sub-Committee. ◾️ Rules of Procedure Committee - Dr. Rajendra Prasad ◾️ States Committee (Committee for Negotiating with States) - Jawaharlal Nehru ◾️ Steering Committee - Dr. Rajendra Prasad