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The Art and Culture is not only part of Exam Syllabus, it is part of our culture, society, rich heritage and epitome of our glorious past and present times. Main channel cse exam https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9AbAbJZg46NAznuX2y *Subject wise channel* Upsc society https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaWufLw6BIEknk3zHz2R Internal security https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VabMGoV7YSczWUxg4d2F Art and culture https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaeNm6EEquiVREmJrl0F Mindmap https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaazqwV8aKvFQwYJlw02 Ethics https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaaWX4aFCCobFmqcRL3q ✅ CSAT https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vabv60LLCoWsu9kNQl1I ✅Upsc PIB https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaGjIdyChq6H86MD643x ✅Science & technology https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9T3U31Hspr7kNcod0g ✅Environment & ecology https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaBiYQY2Jl8LDfC2YZ3j ✅Upsc mains facts https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaQy4BBJUM2TXmGueJ2T Mains pyq model answer https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VajSp953bbV4XmAbtb26 ✅Geography Mapping https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9S9pL0rGiGyEIEUe1b ✅Polity governance https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaGDohxKrWQz0GZ5Fa1v ✅Prelims tricks https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaEPayu2v1InlnkS6K06 ✅Anmol vachan motivational https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va42j79297531AcAOm1X ✅Essay ethics example https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaHNc8mDuMRWb1Zybf33 ✅Economy agriculture https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaHOmr34inorlsEbVc2X ✅History culture https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaLZoxWBfxo4bstnop1k ✅Hindi medium https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va4ktYl8V0ttJgAhH70b ✅UPSC PYQS https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaH6GnYBvvsX99pHCG1C Upsc IR https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaMyvdJJ3jurNz6pne3z Government schemes https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaYZ5ls5Ui2c7bNRo62I
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🔆 Kheer Bhawani Mandir (Highlighted during Pahalgam attack) 📍 Festival & Occasion ✅ Celebrated on Zyestha Ashtami, an annual festival observed by Kashmiri Pandits. ✅ Held at Kheer Bhawani Temple, mainly in Tulmulla, Ganderbal district, and also in Kupwara, Kulgam, Anantnag, and Manzgam. 📍 Devotee Footfall (2024) ✅ First batch of pilgrims: 2,500 (down from 4,500 in 2023). ✅ Last year, 30,000 devotees paid obeisance at the temple. 📍 Security & Arrangements ✅ Extra security measures and elaborate facilities arranged: • Langar services, water points, health teams & ambulances deployed. 📍 Cultural Importance ✅ The temple has been a symbol of communal harmony in Kashmir. ✅ Celebrated as a shared space of peace, co-existence, and inter-community respect.
🔆 Ravana Shaking Mount Kailasha - Ellora, Rashtrakuta Period 📍 Characteristics of the Sculpture: ✅ Scale and Grandeur: - Carved into the side of a sheer rock face, reaching a height of approximately 30 meters (98 feet) and stretching over 40 meters (131 feet) in length. - This impressive scale conveys the immense power and determination of Ravana. ✅ Dynamic Composition: - The sculpture captures the chaos and energy of the scene, with Ravana’s muscular arms straining as he lifts Mount Kailasha, the abode of the gods. - The swirling movement of the figures and the use of negative space add to the dynamism of the composition. ✅ Symbolic Elements: - The sculpture is rich in symbolism, reflecting the Hindu worldview and the narrative of Ravana’s attempt to impress Shiva. - The presence of celestial beings, animals, and mythical creatures adds to the mystical and otherworldly atmosphere of the scene. #art_and_culture
🔆 Valabhi Style 📍 Architecture Features ✅ Rectangular buildings with wagon-vaulted roofs ✅ Inspired by wooden wagons pulled by bullocks 📍 Examples ✅ Cave temples and some early shrines
📍 Theyyam ✅ Place of Origin: Kerala ✅ Cultural Significance: • UNESCO-recognized intangible cultural heritage of India. • A captivating blend of dance, music, and storytelling, performed to honor deities and ancestral spirits. • Particularly popular during the harvest season. ✅ Unique Features: • Dancers wear intricate masks, colorful costumes, and headdresses, with their bodies adorned with vibrant body paint. • Traditional Keralan instruments such as the chenda, ilathalam, and maddalam are used during performances.
🔆 Chola Sculptures vs Pala Sculptures (UPSC Mains 2020) 🔆 📍 Chola Sculptures (9th–13th Century CE) | 📍 Pala Sculptures (8th–12th Century CE) ✅ Region & Period • Tamil Nadu, South India 9th–13th century CE • Bengal and Bihar (India) 8th–12th century CE ✅ Material • Bronze using lost-wax casting (Cire-Perdue) for intricate detailing • Black basalt stone, bronze, and terracotta ✅ Themes • Hindu deities, especially Shiva in various forms, Vishnu, Parvati, and Lakshmi • Predominantly Buddhist, featuring Buddha, Bodhisattvas, Mahayana, and Vajrayana deities • Iconic Shiva Nataraja, symbolizing creation and destruction • Some Hindu deities like Vishnu and Shiva, reflecting religious coexistence ✅ Posture & Composition • Graceful and dynamic postures • Static figures with symmetry and proportion • Frequent use of tribhanga (three bends posture) for elegance and fluidity • Buddha depicted in dhyana mudra (meditation) or bhumisparsha mudra (earth-touching gesture) ✅ Iconography & Detailing • Intricate jewelry, clothing, and serene facial expressions • Ornamental detailing of jewelry, robes, and facial expressions • Precise anatomical features like slender limbs and well-proportioned bodies • Delicate carving on Buddha statues, showing calm and serenity ✅ Symbolism • Spiritual elements like the flame of knowledge in Nataraja • Elaborate back-slabs (Prabhavali) with floral motifs, divine beings, and narrative elements • Symbolizes divine power and grace through gestures, weapons, mudras ✅ Temple & Ritual Use • Processional icons for festivals and rituals, representing the living presence of the deity in the community • Primarily ritualistic Buddhist art, influencing Southeast Asian and Tibetan traditions ✅ Famous Examples • Shiva Nataraja (Lord of the Dance) • Bronze Figure of Parvati • Vishnu as Anantasayana • Ardhanarishvara • Seated Buddha from Nalanda in bhumisparsha mudra • Vishnu Image from Bengal, showing Hindu coexistence • Bronze Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara from Nalanda ✅ Artistic Legacy • Pinnacle of bronze casting in Indian art, blend of religious devotion and artistic innovation • Artistic excellence with deep religious devotion, influenced Southeast Asian and Tibetan art traditions
UPSC CSE (Civil Services Examination) 2025 Prelims Admit Card Out https://upsconline.gov.in/eadmitcard/admitcard_csp_2025/admit_card.php#hhh1
🔆Bharat Bodh Kendra ✅Union Housing and Urban Affairs Minister Manohar Lal inaugurated the ‘Bharat Bodh Kendra’ at the India Habitat Centre (IHC) in New Delhi ✅The launch of the Bharat Bodh Kendra marks a significant step toward preserving and promoting India’s intangible heritage. ✅India Habitat Centre (IHC) in New Delhi is a well-known venue for intellectual and cultural discourse. ✅The Habitat Library and Resource Centre (HLRC) serves as a public knowledge hub. ✅The ‘Bharat Bodh Kendra’ is a new thematic section established under HLRC to strengthen cultural awareness. #gs1 #art_and_culture
🔆 Bodhisattvas and Their Associated Virtues 📍 Avalokiteśvara (Padmapani) ✅ Associated Virtue: Compassion and mercy ✅ Significance: Most revered Bodhisattva; embodies the infinite compassion of all Buddhas; widely worshipped in Tibet as Chenrezig and in China as Guanyin. 📍 Maitreya ✅ Associated Virtue: Loving-kindness and future Buddhahood ✅ Significance: The future Buddha who will appear on Earth to restore the Dharma; worshipped in both Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism. 📍 Mañjuśrī ✅ Associated Virtue: Wisdom ✅ Significance: Represents supreme wisdom and insight; often depicted with a sword that cuts through ignorance. 📍 Samantabhadra ✅ Associated Virtue: Practice and meditation ✅ Significance: Embodiment of Buddhist practice, vows, and virtues; often depicted in a trinity with Śākyamuni and Mañjuśrī. 📍 Kṣitigarbha ✅ Associated Virtue: Vows to save beings in hell realms ✅ Significance: Protector of souls in lower realms; associated with rescuing beings from suffering. 📍 Vajrapāṇi ✅ Associated Virtue: Power and protector of Buddhism ✅ Significance: The guardian of Buddha’s teachings and one of the oldest Bodhisattvas; symbolizes Buddha’s power. 📍 Tārā ✅ Associated Virtue: Protection and success ✅ Significance: Female Bodhisattva known for swift compassion and action; especially venerated in Tibetan Buddhism. 📍 Śākyamuni ✅ Associated Virtue: Enlightenment and teaching ✅ Significance: The historical Buddha (Gautama Buddha), who attained enlightenment and founded Buddhism, leading to the spread of the Dharma.
🔆 Ajivika Philosophy – Key Idea Only 📍 Founder ✅ Makkhali Gosala 📍 Core Belief System ✅ Strict determinism — belief in destiny (Niyati) ✅ Rejects karma — everything is preordained, no role of karma in liberation 📍 Path to Salvation ✅ Liberation is automatic through cycles of rebirth, no conscious effort required
🔆 Vedanta School 📍 Source • Originates from the Upanishads (contributed by multiple scholars). 📍 Core Philosophy • Emphasises: Knowledge, Devotion, and Liberation. 📍 Major Branches 1. Advaita Vedanta (Shankaracharya) • Brahman alone is real; the world is illusion (maya). 2. Vishishtadvaita (Ramanuja) • Brahman is real, but has multiplicity. 3. Dvaita (Madhvacharya) • Dualism: God and souls exist as separate realities. 📍 Path to Salvation • Liberation through self-knowledge, devotion, and good karma.